Regions

Wine countries, regions, and appellations from around the world.

2170 articles

Africa69

🇩🇿 Algeria4

Algeria: The Forgotten Wine Giant ONCV (Office National de Commercialisation des Produits Vitivinicoles)Post-Independence Collapse: Algeria's Wine Industry After 1962 Roman North Africa: Algeria & Tunisia as the Roman Empire's Wine Powerhouse

Libya1

Libya: Ancient Roman Legacy and Modern Prohibition

🇲🇦 Morocco5

Zenata1

Syrocco and Aït Souala: Morocco's Rhône-Inspired Renaissance

Casablanca-Benslimane Wine Region Moroccan AOP Regions: Coteaux de l'Atlas, Coteaux du Rharb, Guerrouane, Beni M'Tir, Zemmour, Sais, Zerhoune, Sahel + Angad (Oujda East)Moroccan Wine Varieties: The Heart of North African Viticulture Muscat de Berkane AOG

🇿🇦 South Africa53

Breede River Valley3

Breedekloof WO District Robertson WO District Worcester WO District

Cape South Coast1

Walker Bay District WO

Coastal Region14

Cape Agulhas1

Agulhas WO Ward (Cape Agulhas)

Constantia1

Modern Constantia

Franschhoek3

Franschhoek Key Producers: South Africa's Premier Winemaking Estates Franschhoek Soils: Decomposed Granite on Valley Floor; Shale on Slopes Old Vine Sémillon: Franschhoek Valley

Constantia WO (Cape Town's historic wine valley)Darling WO District Durbanville WO Elgin WO District Elim Wine of Origin Ward Franschhoek WO (Huguenot Heritage Valley)Paarl WO (Drakenstein Mountains; varied soils; warmer climate; iconic for Chenin Blanc + fortified wines)Stellenbosch WO Tulbagh WO District

Klein Karoo5

Calitzdorp2

Calitzdorp Key Producers: Boplaas, De Krans & Grundheim Cape Vintage / Cape Tawny (Port-style; Calitzdorp producers)

Calitzdorp WO Ward Montagu WO Oudshoorn, Ladismith, Barrydale (Emerging Still Wines in Klein Karoo Foothills)

Olifants River1

Olifants River WO

Paarl1

Paarl Key Wards: Voor-Paardeberg & Agter-Paarl

Stellenbosch3

Simonsig MCC: South Africa's First Cap Classique Brut (1971)Stellenbosch Key Grapes: Cabernet Sauvignon, Merlot, Syrah, Pinotage, Chenin Blanc, Chardonnay, Sauvignon Blanc Stellenbosch Key Wards: Banghoek, Bottelary, Devon Valley, Jonkershoek Valley, Papegaaiberg, Polkadraai Hills, Simonsberg-Stellenbosch, Koelenhof

Swartland4

Sadie Family Columella: Eben Sadie's Flagship Syrah Swartland Key Grapes: Old-Vine Chenin Blanc (Steen), Grenache, Syrah, Cinsault, Carignan, Mourvèdre, Viognier, Clairette Blanche, Palomino Swartland Key Wards: Riebeeksrivier, Paardeberg, Elandsberg, Malmesbury, Piketberg, Riebeek-Kasteel Swartland Soils: Decomposed Granite, Malmesbury Shale, Ferricrete

Walker Bay4

Hemel-en-Aarde Valley1

Hamilton Russell Pinot Noir: South Africa's Burgundy Benchmark

Pinot Noir (Walker Bay Hemel-en-Aarde — Hamilton Russell, Bouchard Finlayson; also Elgin)Walker Bay Wards: Hemel-en-Aarde Valley, Upper Hemel-en-Aarde Valley, Hemel-en-Aarde Ridge & Bot River Walker Bay: South Africa's Cool-Climate Pinot Noir & Chardonnay Powerhouse

Western Cape1

Stellenbosch1

Meerlust Rubicon: South Africa's Pioneering Bordeaux Blend

Biodiversity & Wine: Cape Floristic Region UNESCO — World's Smallest but Richest Floral Kingdom Boekenhoutskloof Syrah: South Africa's Premier Old-Vine Expression Cabernet Sauvignon (Stellenbosch dominant red — 11% of plantings; structured, cedar, dark fruit)Chardonnay in South Africa — Robertson, Stellenbosch, Elgin and Walker Bay Coastal Region: South Africa's Premier Maritime Wine Zone Graham Beck Brut: South Africa's Most Decorated Sparkling Wine Grenache (Swartland old-vine bush vines — Sadie, Badenhorst, David & Nadia; rising quality)Kanonkop: South Africa's Cape Blend & Pinotage Legacy Klein Karoo WO Merlot (Stellenbosch, Paarl; Cape Blend component)Mullineux Schist Syrah + Granite Syrah: Single-Soil Terroir Expression Muscat / Muscadel (Klein Karoo Sweet Wines; Vin de Constance Base)Old Vine Project (OVP): South Africa's Heritage Vine Registry Stellenbosch Swartland WO Syrah / Shiraz: Rising Star of Cool & Warm Climates

🇹🇳 Tunisia6

Cap Bon Peninsula1

Muscat de Kelibia AOC

Cap Bon Peninsula Coteaux d'Utique Coteaux de Carthage Mornag Tunisia Key Varieties: The Heart of North African Winemaking

Asia112

🇦🇲 Armenia9

Aragatsotn1

Van Ardi (Aragatsotn)

Armavir1

Tierras de Armenia (Karas Wines, Armavir)

Vayots Dzor3

KOOR Wines Old Bridge Wine Trinity Canyon Vineyards (Areni area; Vayots Dzor; established quality; Areni Noir + Voskehat; wine tourism)

Ararat Valley Armenia wine claim: archaeological evidence from Areni-1 cave (2007)Armenia Wine Tourism: Areni Cave, Noravank & Khor Virap Trail Armenian Geography: Landlocked Caucasus Nation & High-Altitude Viticulture

🇦🇿 Azerbaijan7

Gabala1

Savalan ASPI Winery

Azerbaijan Wine Geography: Caucasus Mountains to Caspian Plains Azerbaijani Wine Varieties: Indigenous Caucasus Heritage Chabiant Wine - Azerbaijani Premium Winery Ganja (Ganja-Qazakh Region, Azerbaijan)Lankaran / Lenkoran Shamakhi / Shirvan

🇨🇳 China7

Hebei1

Hebei — Huailai

Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region2

Helan Mountain Eastern Foothills1

Helan Qingxue Jiabeilan

Helan Mountain Eastern Foothills

China: Key International Producers Operating in China Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region (Helan Mountain Eastern Foothills)Shanxi Yunnan (Southwest; High Altitude 2,000m+)

🇬🇪 Georgia32

Adjara1

Chkhaveri (Adjara; pale red/rosé; subtropical coast)

Kakheti14

Alazani Valley1

Tousidze Vineyard (Kakheti-Alazani; Rkatsiteli)

Akasheni DOC (Kakheti)Gurjaani DOC Kakheti Climate: Continental Influence & Caucasus Protection Kakheti Soils: The Geological Foundation of Georgia's Premier Wine Region Kindzmarauli DOC Kvareli DOC Mukuzani DOC Napareuli PDO Pheasant's Tears Teliani DOC (Kakheti)TIBAANI DOC (Kakheti; Rkatsiteli + Mtsvane; dry white; European style)Tsinandali DOC Vazisubani DOC (Kakheti)

Kartli1

Kartli Sub-Regions: Gori, Kaspi & Mtskheta

Racha-Lechkhumi3

Aleksandrouli + Mujuretuli (Racha Mountain Reds; Kvanchkara PDO; Semi-Sweet)Khvanchkara / Kvanchkara Kvanchkara DOC (Racha-Lechkhumi)

250+ Indigenous Grape Varieties: The World's Most Genetically Diverse Wine Region Abkhazia (Disputed Territory; Wine-Producing Area Historically)Adjara: Georgia's Subtropical Black Sea Wine Region Georgia's Wine Heritage: The Cradle of Wine Georgian Wine and Religion: Orthodox Christianity's Sacred Bond with Wine Culture Georgian Wine Export: A Global Resurgence Georgian Wine Styles: A Complete Exploration of Dry to Sweet & Beyond Imereti Imereti: Georgia's Lighter Amber Wine Region Kakheti Kartli Racha-Lechkhumi Samegrelo (Western Georgia)

🇮🇳 India7

Karnataka1

Karnataka / Bangalore (Nandi Hills)

Maharashtra5

Nashik4

Charosa Vineyards (Nashik)Fratelli Wines: India's Premier Italian-Indian Joint Venture SOMA Vine Village York Winery, Nashik

Nashik (Maharashtra)

Grover Zampa Vineyards

🇮🇱 Israel9

Galilee1

Upper Galilee1

Galil Mountain

Golan Heights1

Golan Heights Wine Revolution: Israel's Altitude Awakening

Judean Hills1

Clos de Gat (Ahi'ezer Winery)

Negev1

Yatir Winery

Baron Edmond de Rothschild & the Foundation of Modern Israeli Wine Galilee — Upper Galilee & Golan Heights Judean Hills Samson / Coastal Plain Shomron / Samaria

🇯🇵 Japan9

Hokkaido1

Takahiko Soga & Yoichi, Hokkaido: Japan's Burgundian Red Wine Revolution

Nagano2

Obuse1

Domaine Sogga

Obuse Winery

Yamanashi1

Marufuji (Katsunuma; Rubaiyat brand; benchmark Koshu; organic; growing reputation)

Hokkaido GI Japanese Wine: Koshu, Muscat Bailey A, and Global Recognition Nagano GI Osaka GI + Other Minor Japanese GIs: Urban Vineyards & Emerging Regions Yamagata GI

🇱🇧 Lebanon21

Batroun1

Batroun: Lebanon's Cool-Climate Frontier

Bekaa Valley9

Bekaa Valley Soils: The Foundation of Lebanon's Premier Wine Region Central Bekaa / Zahle (Warmest Zone)Château Kefraya Comte de M: Lebanon's Benchmark Cabernet-Syrah Blend Château Ksara Château Musar White: Obeidi + Merwah East Bekaa / Baalbek Area Massaya Classic Rouge: Lebanon's Benchmark Red Blend Syrah in Lebanon's Bekaa Valley: The Emerging Premium Frontier West Bekaa

Batroun District Bekaa Valley Bekaa Valley Dominance: Lebanon's Wine Powerhouse Byblos / Jbeil: Lebanon's Ancient Coastal Wine Renaissance Chouf Region (South Lebanon)French Cultural Influence on Lebanese Wine IXSIR: Lebanon's Flagship Global Wine Brand IXSIR: Lebanon's Modern Mountain Winery Key Lebanese Varieties (Main Cultivars)Lebanon Wine Region Lebanon: Resilience Through Crisis — Wine's Triumph Over Adversity

🇹🇷 Turkey11

Aegean2

CORVUS (Bozcaada/Tenedos Island, Aegean)Urla Winery

Central Anatolia2

Cappadocia Kocabağ: Cappadocia's Underground Wine Legacy

Eastern Anatolia1

Eastern Anatolia — Elazığ & Malatya

Thrace2

Chamlija (Thrace)Thrace (Trakya)

Doluca: Turkey's Second-Largest Winery & Modern Wine Pioneer Kavaklidere: Turkey's Pioneering Wine Dynasty KAYRA: Turkey's Iconic Cross-Regional Powerhouse Turkish Wine Regions: Geographic Zones & Production Overview

Europe1398

🇦🇹 Austria41

Burgenland12

Mittelburgenland1

Deutschkreutz, Horitschon, Neckenmarkt: Austria's Blaufränkisch Heartland

Neusiedlersee3

Gols (Pannoblu, Umathum, Pittnauer — biodynamic Zweigelt reds)Illmitz, Apetlon, Weiden am See: Neusiedlsee's Botrytis Triangle Rust, Purbach, Breitenbrunn (Prieler, Kollwentz, Wenzel)

Neusiedlersee-Hügelland1

Rust1

Ruster Ausbruch DAC

Eisenberg DAC Leithaberg DAC Mittelburgenland DAC (Blaufränkischland)Neusiedlersee DAC Pannonian Climate Influence: Hot Continental Summers, Cold Winters — Extreme Ripeness for Reds in Burgenland Rosalia DAC TBA / Eiswein from Burgenland: Austria's Liquid Gold

Lower Austria13

Kamptal1

Kamptal key village: Langenlois (Heiligenstein — Austria's most prestigious Riesling Erste Lage)

Kremstal1

Kremstal Key Estates: Salomon-Undhof, Stadt Krems, Nigl, and Franz Hirtzberger

Wachau2

Wachau Key Producers: Austria's Benchmark Riesling Masters Wachau Key Villages: Dürnstein, Spitz, Weißenkirchen, Joching

Carnuntum DAC Kamptal DAC (Kamp River Valley)Kremstal DAC Niederösterreich Key Grapes Riesling from Wachau/Kamptal/Kremstal: Austria's World-Class Danube Valleys Traisental DAC Wachau DAC (Danube Gorge)Wagram DAC Weinviertel DAC

Niederösterreich1

Thermenregion DAC

Steiermark3

Südsteiermark1

Sauvignon Blanc Capital of Austria: Leutschach, Gamlitz, Ehrenhausen, Ratsch an der Weinstraße

Klöch (Traminer specialist — volcanic basalt), Straden, Kapfenstein Südsteiermark DAC (South Styria)

Styria2

Vulkanland Steiermark DAC Weststeiermark DAC (Blue Schilcher)

Vienna2

Viennese Heuriger (Tavern) Culture — UNESCO Intangible Heritage Wien DAC (Gemischter Satz DAC)

Wachau/Kremstal (Danube Valley)1

TRAISEN: Bastei (red porphyry rock — unique spice)

Wien2

Key Producers: Mayer am Pfarrplatz, Wieninger, Zahel, Christ Key Wine Villages: Grinzing, Heiligenstadt, Gumpoldskirchen, Sievering, Nussberg, Bisamberg

Burgenland (East — Pannonian Warmth + Neusiedlersee Lake Influence)Niederösterreich (Lower Austria)Organic/Biodynamic: Austria's Leading Sustainable Vineyard Movement Steiermark / Styria Wien (Vienna — Only Major World Capital with Significant Wine Production)

🇧🇬 Bulgaria10

Bessa Valley1

ENIRA (Bessa Valley)

Struma Valley2

Damianitza Winery — Melnik's Flagship Producer Orbelus (Melnik)

Thrace1

Katarzyna Estate (Svilengrad, Thrace)

Thracian Valley1

Rosé Valley

Black Sea Region (East)Bulgaria's Value Reputation: The 1970s–80s UK Phenomenon and Modern Resurgence Danube Plain Struma Valley / Melnik (Southwest Bulgaria)Thracian Valley

🇭🇷 Croatia30

Dalmatia8

Korčula Island2

Grk PDO (Lumbarda on Korčula)Pošip PDO (Korčula Island)

North Dalmatia1

Babić PDO

Pelješac1

Postup PDO

Pelješac Peninsula2

Dingač PDO Dingač: Extreme Terroir Expression

Hvar Island PDO Prossek: Traditional Dalmatian Sweet Wine

Istria4

Istrian Soils: Three Key Terroirs Shaping Eastern Adriatic Wines Kozlović Santa Lucia Malvazija: Single-Vineyard Benchmark of Istrian Excellence Roxanich: Croatia's Orange Wine Pioneer Teran PDO (Istria)

Krk Island1

Vrbnička Žlahtina PDO

Kvarner Islands2

Krk Island Pag Island: Gegić White Grape & Karst Terroir

Slavonia2

Feričanci / Đakovačko-Slavonski Wine Route Kutjevo PDO (Slavonia)

Croatia Wine Tourism: Hvar & Pelješac - The Adriatic's Premier Wine Destinations Croatia Wine Tourism: Istria, Hvar, and Korčula Croatia: Europe's Hidden Wine Powerhouse Croatia's Indigenous Grape Varieties: A DNA-Verified Wine Renaissance Croatian Wine Regions: Continental and Coastal Macro-Zones Dalmatia Istria Kvarner Islands Moslavina Plešivica Prigorje-Bilogora Slavonia (Northeast Croatia)Zagorje-Međimurje

🇨🇿 Czech Republic19

Bohemia1

Zámek Mělník (Chateau Mělník Winery)

Moravia11

Mikulovská2

Château Valtice VOLAŘÍK (Miklovice, Mikulovská; Premium Riesling Specialist)

Slovácká1

VINAŘSTVÍ ŠPALEK (Blatnice pod Sv. Antonínkem)

Velkopavlovická1

Nové Vinařství (Velké Pavlovice)

Key Moravian Varieties Mikulovská Sub-Region: Pálava Hills Rajhrad Monastery Winery Slovácká Sub-Region Velkopavlovická Sub-Region VINSELEKT MICHLOVSKÝ (Rakvice)Znojemská Sub-Region

Bohemia Wine Region (Čechy)Czech Republic Wine Overview Czech Republic: Austria's Understated Stylistic Twin Czech Wine Culture Czech Wine Geography: Continental Terroir Between Austria and Eastern Europe Czech Wine: Europe's Most Underrated Hidden Gem Moravian Wine Region

🇫🇷 France390

Alsace6

Alsace AOC: France's Aromatic Varietal Paradise Alsace Grand Cru — Key Sites: Schlossberg, Rangen, Hengst, Brand, Goldert, Sporen, Rosacker, Schoenenbourg, Zinnkoepflé, Frankstein Alsace Grand Cru AOC Alsace Sélection de Grains Nobles (SGN)Alsace Vendanges Tardives (VT — Late Harvest)Crémant d'Alsace AOC

Beaujolais2

Beaujolais AOC Beaujolais-Villages AOC

Bordeaux48

Graves1

Pessac-Léognan AOC

Left Bank6

Médoc5

Haut-Medoc4

Listrac-Médoc AOC Margaux AOC: The Southernmost Jewel of the Médoc Saint-Estèphe AOC Saint-Julien AOC

Haut-Médoc1

Moulis-en-Médoc AOC

Médoc AOC (Northern Médoc Peninsula)

Libournais4

Saint-Emilion1

Puisseguin-Saint-Émilion AOC

Saint-Émilion1

Saint-Émilion Grand Cru AOC

Canon-Fronsac AOC Fronsac AOC

Medoc1

Haut-Médoc AOC

Médoc1

Haut-Medoc1

Pauillac AOC (1855 First Growths: Latour, Lafite, Mouton Rothschild)

Right Bank7

Libournais1

Montagne-Saint-Émilion AOC

Lalande-de-Pomerol AOC Loupiac AOC (sweet whites, right bank of Garonne)Lussac-Saint-Émilion AOC Pomerol AOC (No Classification — Pétrus, Le Pin)Saint-Émilion AOC Saint-Georges-Saint-Émilion AOC

Sauternes1

Barsac AOC (within Sauternes — Château Climens)

Blaye AOC Blaye Côtes de Bordeaux AOC Bordeaux Blanc AOC Bordeaux Blends Bordeaux Clairet AOC Bordeaux Rosé AOC Bordeaux Supérieur AOC Cadillac AOC (Sweet Whites)Cadillac Côtes de Bordeaux AOC (Reds)Castillon Côtes de Bordeaux AOC Cérons AOC (sweet whites, between Graves and Sauternes)Côtes de Bordeaux Saint-Macaire AOC Côtes de Bourg AOC Crémant de Bordeaux AOC Entre-Deux-Mers AOC (Dry Whites)Entre-Deux-Mers Haut-Benauge AOC Francs Côtes de Bordeaux AOC Graves AOC Graves de Vayres AOC Haut-Benauge AOC Left Bank Bordeaux Left Bank vs. Right Bank Bordeaux Premières Côtes de Bordeaux AOC Right Bank Bordeaux Sainte-Croix-du-Mont AOC (sweet whites)Sainte-Foy Côtes de Bordeaux AOC Sauternes AOC

Burgundy109

Beaujolais10

Brouilly (Largest Beaujolais Cru — Gamay)Chénas Cru (rarest and smallest cru)Chiroubles Cru (Highest Elevation)Côte de Brouilly Cru (volcanic Mont Brouilly slopes)Fleurie Cru (floral — La Madone vineyard)Juliénas Cru Morgon Cru (Côte du Py — most structured, ages like Burgundy)Moulin-à-Vent (King of Beaujolais)Régnié Cru (newest cru, 1988)Saint-Amour Cru (northernmost cru)

Chablis11

Chablis AOC Chablis Grand Cru — Bougros Chablis Grand Cru — Grenouilles Chablis Grand Cru — Les Clos (Largest and Most Prestigious)Chablis Grand Cru — Les Preuses Chablis Grand Cru — Valmur Chablis Grand Cru — Vaudésir Chablis Grand Cru AOC — Blanchot Chablis Premier Cru AOC (40 Named Premier Cru Climats)Petit Chablis AOC Saint-Bris AOC (Sauvignon Blanc, Yonne)

Côte Chalonnaise5

Bouzeron AOC (Aligoté — only single-village Aligoté AOC)Givry AOC Mercurey AOC Montagny AOC (Whites Only — Chardonnay)Rully AOC

Cote de Beaune1

Côte de Beaune

Côte de Beaune28

Puligny-Montrachet1

Chevalier-Montrachet Grand Cru (Puligny-Montrachet)

Aloxe-Corton AOC (Grands Crus: Corton & Corton-Charlemagne)Auxey-Duresses AOC Bâtard-Montrachet Grand Cru (Puligny + Chassagne)Beaune AOC (42 Premiers Crus incl. Clos des Mouches, Les Grèves)Bienvenues-Bâtard-Montrachet Grand Cru Blagny AOC (red from Meursault hillside)Bourgogne Hautes-Côtes de Beaune AOC Chassagne-Montrachet AOC Chorey-lès-Beaune AOC Corton Grand Cru (Aloxe-Corton / Pernand-Vergelesses / Ladoix-Serrigny)Corton-Charlemagne Grand Cru Corton-Charlemagne Grand Cru (white — Aloxe-Corton / Pernand-Vergelesses / Ladoix-Serrigny)Côte de Beaune-Villages AOC Criots-Bâtard-Montrachet Grand Cru Ladoix-Serrigny AOC Le Montrachet Grand Cru (Puligny + Chassagne — Burgundy's Greatest Dry White Wine)Maranges AOC Meursault AOC (Charmes, Perrières, Genevrières — No Grand Crus)Monthélie AOC Pernand-Vergelesses AOC Pommard AOC (Les Rugiens, Les Épenots — no Grand Crus)Puligny-Montrachet AOC (4 Grands Crus)Saint-Aubin AOC Saint-Romain AOC Santenay AOC Savigny-lès-Beaune AOC Volnay AOC (Clos des Chênes, Champans — No Grand Crus)

Côte de Nuits35

Chambolle-Musigny1

Musigny Grand Cru (Chambolle-Musigny)

Gevrey-Chambertin6

Chambertin Grand Cru (Gevrey-Chambertin — Napoleon's Wine)Chambertin-Clos de Bèze Grand Cru Chapelle-Chambertin Grand Cru Charmes-Chambertin Grand Cru Mazis-Chambertin Grand Cru Mazoyères-Chambertin Grand Cru

Morey-Saint-Denis4

Clos de la Roche Grand Cru (Morey-Saint-Denis)Clos de Tart Grand Cru (Morey-Saint-Denis monopole)Clos des Lambrays Grand Cru (Morey-Saint-Denis monopole)Clos Saint-Denis Grand Cru (Morey-Saint-Denis)

Vougeot1

Clos de Vougeot Grand Cru (50.6 ha, 80+ owners)

Bonnes-Mares Grand Cru (Chambolle-Musigny / Morey-Saint-Denis)Bourgogne Hautes-Côtes de Nuits AOC Chambolle-Musigny AOC (25 Premiers Crus, Les Amoureuses)Côte de Nuits-Villages AOC (Fixin, Brochon, Comblanchien, Corgoloin, Premeaux-Prissey)Échezeaux Grand Cru (Flagey-Échezeaux)Fixin AOC Flagey-Échezeaux: Home of Échezeaux and Grands-Échezeaux Grand Crus Gevrey-Chambertin AOC (9 Grands Crus — most of any village)Grands Échezeaux Grand Cru (Flagey-Échezeaux)Griotte-Chambertin Grand Cru La Grande Rue Grand Cru (Vosne-Romanée — Lamarche Monopole)La Romanée Grand Cru (Vosne-Romanée)La Tâche Grand Cru (Vosne-Romanée — DRC Monopole)Latricières-Chambertin Grand Cru Marsannay AOC (all 3 colors — rosé specialty)Morey-Saint-Denis AOC (5 Grands Crus)Nuits-Saint-Georges AOC Richebourg Grand Cru (Vosne-Romanée)Romanée-Conti Grand Cru (Vosne-Romanée — DRC Monopole)Romanée-Saint-Vivant Grand Cru (Vosne-Romanée)Ruchottes-Chambertin Grand Cru Vosne-Romanée AOC (Six Grands Crus — Burgundy's Most Celebrated Terroir)Vougeot AOC

Maconnais1

Saint-Véran AOC

Mâconnais7

Mâcon + Village Name (Mâcon-Lugny, Mâcon-Prissé, Mâcon-Uchizy, etc.)Mâcon AOC Mâcon-Villages AOC Pouilly-Fuissé AOC (Chardonnay — 22 Premier Crus from 2020)Pouilly-Loché AOC Pouilly-Vinzelles AOC Viré-Clessé AOC

Bourgogne Aligoté AOC Bourgogne AOC (Regional Pinot Noir and Chardonnay)Bourgogne Côte d'Or AOC (Côte de Nuits & Côte de Beaune)Bourgogne Passe-tout-Grains AOC (Gamay + Pinot Noir)Burgundy Pinot Noir Côte d'Or Coteaux Bourguignons AOC Coteaux du Lyonnais AOC Crémant de Bourgogne AOC Irancy AOC (Pinot Noir, Yonne)White Burgundy

Champagne7

Champagne AOC Côte des Blancs Coteaux Champenois AOC (Still Wines of Champagne)Non-vintage Champagne (NV — house style blends)Prestige Cuvée Champagne (Dom Pérignon, Krug Grande Cuvée, Cristal, Belle Époque)Rosé des Riceys AOC (Pinot Noir still rosé — Aube)Vintage Champagne (Single Harvest, Declared ~3x/Decade)

Corsica9

Ajaccio AOC (Sciacarello-dominant reds)Muscat du Cap Corse AOC (sweet fortified)Patrimonio AOC Vin de Corse AOC Vin de Corse Calvi AOC Vin de Corse Coteaux du Cap Corse AOC Vin de Corse Figari AOC Vin de Corse Porto-Vecchio AOC Vin de Corse Sartène AOC

Jura9

Arbois AOC (Jura's most famous — Poulsard, Trousseau, Savagnin, Chardonnay)Arbois-Pupillin AOC (village sub-zone — natural wine stronghold, Overnoy)Bugey AOC (Ain — Chardonnay, Gamay, Pinot Noir)Château-Chalon AOC (Vin Jaune ONLY — world's finest Vin Jaune)Côtes du Jura AOC (regional umbrella)Crémant du Jura AOC (Traditional Method Sparkling)L'Étoile AOC (whites only — Savagnin, Chardonnay)Macvin du Jura AOC Vin Jaune (under voile yeast — minimum 6 years 3 months in 62cl clavelin)

Languedoc17

Saint-Chinian2

Saint-Chinian-Berlou AOC Saint-Chinian-Roquebrun AOC

Cabardès AOC Clairette du Languedoc AOC Faugères AOC (schist soils, Syrah/Grenache/Carignan)Fitou AOC (oldest AOC in Languedoc, 1948)Grès de Montpellier AOC La Clape AOC (coastal massif — whites from Bourboulenc)La Méjanelle Languedoc AOC (vast regional umbrella)Minervois AOC Montpeyroux AOC Muscat de Frontignan AOC Muscat de Lunel AOC Muscat de Saint-Jean-de-Minervois AOC Saint-Chinian AOC Sommières AOC

Languedoc-Roussillon18

Corbières2

Corbières AOC Corbières-Boutenac AOC (cru level, old Carignan)

Languedoc3

Pézenas AOC Pic Saint-Loup AOC (Hérault — Syrah/Grenache, limestone & schist)Picpoul de Pinet AOC

Minervois1

Minervois-La Livinière1

Minervois-La Livinière AOC (cru level, Syrah-dominant)

Roussillon6

Banyuls Grand Cru AOC Collioure AOC (coastal schist — old Grenache, Syrah)Côtes du Roussillon Villages — Latour de France, Tautavel, Lesquerde, Caramany (named crus)Maury AOC Muscat de Rivesaltes AOC (sweet white fortified)Rivesaltes AOC (amber/tuilé — Grenache, Muscat fortified)

Blanquette de Limoux AOC (Mauzac-based — world's oldest sparkling wine region)Crémant de Limoux AOC Limoux AOC (Traditional Method — Blanquette de Limoux, Crémant de Limoux)Malepère AOC Muscat de Mireval AOC Terrasses du Larzac AOC

Loire8

Anjou1

Chaume Premier Cru des Coteaux du Layon AOC

Centre1

Châteaumeillant AOC (Gamay vin gris rosé)

Nantais1

Gros Plant du Pays Nantais AOC

Touraine2

Cheverny AOC (Sauvignon Blanc whites, Pinot Noir reds)Chinon AOC

Cour-Cheverny AOC (100% Romorantin — unique Loire white grape)Crémant de Loire AOC Fiefs Vendéens AOC (Brem, Mareuil, Vix, Pissotte, Chantonnay)

Loire Valley61

Anjou2

Quarts de Chaume Grand Cru AOC Rosé d'Anjou AOC (Grolleau-dominant rosé)

Anjou-Saumur16

Savennières2

Savennières-Coulée-de-Serrant AOC (Nicolas Joly biodynamic monopole)Savennières-Roche-aux-Moines AOC (sub-appellation)

Anjou AOC (red, white, rosé, sparkling)Anjou Blanc AOC (Chenin Blanc dry)Anjou Coteaux de la Loire AOC (Sweet Chenin Blanc)Anjou Villages AOC (red — Cabernet Franc/Sauvignon)Anjou Villages Brissac AOC (cru level)Bonnezeaux AOC (Concentrated Chenin Passito-Style)Cabernet d'Anjou AOC (semi-sweet rosé)Cabernet de Saumur AOC (rosé)Coteaux de l'Aubance AOC (sweet Chenin Blanc)Coteaux de Saumur AOC (Sweet Chenin)Coteaux du Layon — 6 Named Communes Coteaux du Layon AOC (noble-rot Chenin Blanc sweet)Saumur AOC (red, white, rosé, sparkling)Savennières AOC (dry Chenin Blanc — remarkable terroir)

Berry1

Valençay AOC (Sauvignon, Pinot Noir, Côt)

Centre6

Sancerre1

Sancerre — Key Villages: Chavignol, Bué, Ménétréol, Verdigny

Coteaux du Giennois AOC Menetou-Salon AOC Orléans AOC (Pinot Meunier, Chardonnay, Pinot Noir)Orléans-Cléry AOC (Cabernet Franc)Sancerre AOC

Nantais6

Muscadet Sèvre et Maine1

Muscadet Sèvre et Maine Crus Communaux (Clisson, Gorges, Le Pallet, Goulaine, Château-Thébaud, Monnières-Saint-Fiacre, Mouzillon-Tillières — village-level)

Coteaux d'Ancenis AOC (Gamay, Malvoisie/Pinot Gris)Muscadet AOC (Melon de Bourgogne — Westernmost Loire)Muscadet Coteaux de la Loire AOC Muscadet Côtes de Grandlieu AOC Muscadet Sèvre et Maine AOC

Saumur3

Saumur Mousseux AOC (Traditional Method Sparkling)Saumur Pétillant AOC Saumur-Champigny AOC (Cabernet Franc red — Loire's great red appellation)

Touraine13

Bourgueil AOC (Cabernet Franc — Nerleux, Clos de l'Abbaye)Coteaux du Vendômois AOC Jasnières AOC (Chenin Blanc — steep slopes, dry + sweet)Montlouis-sur-Loire AOC (Chenin Blanc from the South Bank of the Loire)Saint-Nicolas-de-Bourgueil AOC (Sandy Soils, Lighter Cab Franc)Touraine Mousseux AOC Touraine-Amboise AOC Touraine-Azay-le-Rideau AOC Touraine-Chenonceaux AOC Touraine-Mesland AOC Touraine-Noble-Joué AOC (Pinot Meunier rosé)Touraine-Oisly AOC Vouvray AOC (100% Chenin Blanc — sec, demi-sec, moelleux, pétillant, mousseux)

Upper Loire4

Pouilly-Fumé AOC Pouilly-sur-Loire AOC (Chasselas — A Rare Survivor)Quincy AOC Reuilly AOC

Côte Roannaise AOC (Gamay on granite)Coteaux du Loir AOC (Chenin + Pineau d'Aunis)Côtes d'Auvergne AOC Côtes du Forez AOC (Gamay)Haut-Poitou AOC (Sauvignon Blanc, Cab Franc)Loire — Auvergne (Upper Loire)Loire — Pays Nantais (Atlantic Mouth)Rosé de Loire AOC Saint-Pourçain AOC (Gamay, Pinot Noir, Chardonnay, Sacy)Touraine AOC

Loire, Champagne, Alsace, Jura, Savoie & Southwest1

Champagne Sub-regions: Montagne de Reims, Vallée de la Marne, Côte des Blancs, Côte de Sézanne & Côte des Bar

Provence15

Bandol AOC (Mourvèdre-dominant — age-worthy reds + rosé)Bellet AOC (Nice hills — Braquet/Folle Noire/Rolle)Cassis AOC (white Clairette/Marsanne — 'first to uncork the Mediterranean')Coteaux d'Aix-en-Provence AOC Coteaux de Pierrevert AOC Coteaux Varois en Provence AOC Côtes de Provence AOC Côtes de Provence Fréjus AOC Côtes de Provence La Londe AOC Côtes de Provence Pierrefeu AOC Côtes de Provence Sainte-Victoire AOC Les Baux-de-Provence AOC Palette AOC (Château Simone monopole)Pierrevert AOC Provence AOC

Rhône13

Northern Rhône5

Château-Grillet AOC (monopole Viognier — 1 estate)Châtillon-en-Diois AOC Condrieu AOC (100% Viognier — world benchmark)Cornas AOC (100% Syrah — garrigue, black fruit, granite)Crozes-Hermitage AOC

Southern Rhone1

Côtes du Vivarais AOC

Southern Rhône6

Châteauneuf-du-Pape AOC Clairette de Bellegarde AOC Clairette de Die AOC (Sparkling Muscat/Clairette — Diois)Costières de Nîmes AOC Gigondas AOC (Dentelles de Montmirail — powerful Grenache blends)Grignan-les-Adhémar AOC (formerly Coteaux du Tricastin)

Crémant de Die AOC

Rhone Valley1

Southern Rhone1

Luberon AOC

Rhône Valley17

Northern Rhône5

Côte-Rôtie AOC (Côte Brune + Côte Blonde — Syrah ± Viognier)Coteaux de Die AOC Hermitage AOC (iconic hill — Jaboulet La Chapelle, Chave)Saint-Joseph AOC Saint-Péray AOC

Southern Rhone4

Beaumes-de-Venise AOC (red + Muscat de Beaumes-de-Venise AOC — sweet fortified)Cairanne AOC: Southern Rhône Cru Côtes du Rhône Villages — Named Communes Côtes du Rhône Villages AOC

Southern Rhône5

Lirac AOC (reds, whites, rosés)Rasteau AOC (red + Rasteau Rancio — sweet fortified Grenache)Tavel AOC (France's most famous rosé-only AOC)Vacqueyras AOC Ventoux AOC

Côtes du Rhône AOC Northern Rhône: Syrah and Viognier Country Southern Rhône (Grenache-dominant blends)

Roussillon4

Banyuls AOC (Fortified Grenache — France's Grand Cru Vin Doux Naturel)Côtes du Roussillon AOC Côtes du Roussillon Villages AOC Maury Sec AOC (dry reds)

Savoie11

Bugey Cerdon AOC (pétillant naturel rosé — Gamay + Poulsard)Roussette de Savoie AOC Seyssel AOC (still + sparkling — Altesse + Molette)Vin de Savoie AOC Vin de Savoie Cru Abymes Vin de Savoie Cru Apremont (Jacquère)Vin de Savoie Cru Arbin (Mondeuse — Savoie's top red)Vin de Savoie Cru Chignin Vin de Savoie Cru Chignin-Bergeron (100% Roussanne)Vin de Savoie Cru Crépy Vin de Savoie Cru Ripaille

Southwest7

Bergerac AOC (Red, White & Rosé — Bordeaux Varieties)Bergerac Sec AOC (dry white)Floc de Gascogne AOC Fronton AOC (Négrette grape — floral, peppery)Gaillac AOC Gaillac Doux AOC (sweet)Gaillac Mousseux AOC (méthode gaillacoise — ancestral method)

Southwest France19

Béarn1

Jurançon Sec AOC

Bergerac3

Pécharmant AOC1

Pécharmant AOC

Côtes de Montravel AOC Rosette AOC (Semi-Sweet White)

Buzet AOC (Southwest France — Bordeaux Varieties)Cahors AOC (Malbec/Côt — 'Black Wine of Cahors,' min 70% Malbec)Côtes de Bergerac AOC Côtes de Duras AOC Côtes de Gascogne IGP (Armagnac Country)Côtes du Marmandais AOC (Abouriou grape)Haut-Montravel AOC (sweet white)Irouléguy AOC Jurançon AOC (Gros + Petit Manseng — dry + moelleux sweet)Madiran AOC (Tannat — age-worthy, high polyphenols)Monbazillac AOC (Noble Rot Sémillon — Affordable Sauternes Alternative)Montravel AOC Pacherenc du Vic-Bilh AOC Saint-Sardos AOC Tursan AOC (Baroque grape + Gros Manseng)

Alsace Bordeaux Bordeaux AOC (Red, White, Rosé — Entire Region)Burgundy (Bourgogne)Champagne Grenache in the Southern Rhône: Domaine Tourbillon & the Region's Finest Expressions Loire Valley Rhône Valley

🇬🇪 Georgia2

Georgia: The Ancient Cradle of Wine Kakheti Region

🇩🇪 Germany92

Ahr4

2021 Ahr Flood: Catastrophic Impact on Germany's Premier Pinot Noir Region Ahr: Germany's Premier Pinot Noir Region KEY PRODUCERS: Jean Stodden, Weingut Deutzerhof, Meyer-Näkel, Weingut Kreuzberg, Adeneuer Key villages: Walporzheim, Dernau, Mayschoß, Altenahr, Bad Neuenahr-Ahrweiler

Baden9

Kaiserstuhl1

Kaiserstuhl: Achkarren, Bickensohl, Ihringen — Germany's Warmest Wine Region

Bodensee Sub-zone (Meersburg on Lake Constance — Müller-Thurgau + Spätburgunder)BREISGAU: Glottertal, Jechtingen Durbach (Plauelrain, Schloss Staufenberg)Kaiserstuhl KEY GRAPES: Spätburgunder/Pinot Noir (~35%), Müller-Thurgau, Grauburgunder/Pinot Gris, Gutedel, Weißburgunder, Riesling KEY PRODUCERS: Bernhard Huber, Franz Keller — Schwarzer Adler, Weingut Stigler, Dr. Heger Markgräflerland Ortenau (Black Forest Slopes)

Franconia4

RÖDELSEE: Küchenmeister VOLKACH: Ratsherr WÜRZBURG: Innere Leiste, Abtsleite, Schlossberg Würzburg: Würzburger Stein

Franken5

Escherndorf: Lump (Rudolf Fürst — Benchmark Spätburgunder)Franken: Germany's Earthy White Wine Kingdom IPHOFEN: Julius-Echter-Berg, Kronsberg KEY PRODUCERS: Horst Sauer, Rudolf Fürst (Spätburgunder), Bürgerspital zum Hl. Geist, Juliusspital, Staatlicher Hofkeller Randersacker: Teufelskeller, Sonnenstuhl

Mittelrhein1

Mittelrhein Key Estates: Toni Jost, Ratzenberger; Bacharach (Hahn, Wolfshöhle), Boppard Hamm

Mosel11

BERNKASTEL cluster: Brauneberg, Graach, Wehlen, Zeltingen-Rachtig Bernkastel Cluster: Piesport (Goldtröpfchen), Trittenheim (Apotheke), Neumagen-Dhron Bernkastel-Kues: Bernkasteler Doctor (VDP Große Lage)DOWNSTREAM: Traben-Trarbach; Enkirch; Wolf (Goldgrube)ERG / ÜRZIGER cluster: Ürzig & Erden Mosel Key Grapes: Riesling, Elbling, Pinot Varieties & Ancient Traditions Mosel Sub-regions: Mittelmosel (Heart of the Mosel — Most Prestigious Villages)Mosel Sub-Regions: Ruwer (Delicate, Mineral — Maximin Grünhaus, Karthäuserhof)Mosel Sub-Regions: Saar (Coldest, Steeliest Riesling — Egon Müller Scharzhofberg, Van Volxem)Mosel Wine Region (Mosel-Saar-Ruwer)Terrassenmosel: Lower Mosel (Winningen — Uhlen Laubach GG, Röttgen; Heymann-Löwenstein, Reinhard & Beate Knebel)

Nahe6

Bad Kreuznach: Krötenpfuhl, Narrenkappe, Brückes KEY PRODUCERS: Dönnhoff, Emrich-Schönleber, Schäfer-Fröhlich, Kruger-Rumpf, Diel Monzingen: Frühlingsplätzchen, Halenberg (Emrich-Schönleber GG)Nahe Riesling: Germany's Most Geologically Complex Wine Region NORHEIM: Dellchen Schlossböckelheim Cluster: Kupfergrube & Felsenberg

Pfalz11

Bad Dürkheim: Michelsberg, Hochbenn & Ungstein (Herrenberg)Birkweiler — Kastanienbusch (Ökonomierat Rebholz, Gies-Düppel)Deidesheim: Grainhübel, Hohenmorgen, Kieselberg, Langenmorgen FORST: Jesuitengarten, Kirchenstück, Pechstein & Freundstück KEY PRODUCERS: Bürklin-Wolf, Bassermann-Jordan, Von Buhl, A. Christmann, Rebholz, Müller-Catoir, Von Winning, Koehler-Ruprecht MITTELHAARDT (Central Quality Zone — Most Prestigious)RUPPERTSBERG: Gaisböhl, Reiterpfad Schweigen, Gleisweiler, Burrweiler Siebeldingen — Im Sonnenschein (Rebholz — benchmark dry Riesling + Pinot Noir)Südliche Weinstrasse (Southern Wine Road)WACHENHEIM: Gerümpel, Goldbächel, Rechbächel (Dr. Bürklin-Wolf GG)

Rheingau12

Assmannshausen: Höllenberg (Pinot Noir — Germany's Most Celebrated Red Rheingau Vineyard)Erbach: Marcobrunn (Rheingau Grosse Lage)Geisenheim: Rothenberg Hallgarten & Kiedrich: Rheingau Riesling Villages of Distinction Hattenheim: Steinberg (Cistercian Monopole)Hochheim: Domdechaney, Hochheimer Kirchenstück Johannisberg: Schloss Johannisberg (Home of Spätlese — Legend of Riesling Late Harvest, 1775)Key Producers: Georg Breuer, Peter Jakob Kühn, Weingut Spreitzer, Leitz, Künstler, Robert Weil, Hessische Staatsweingüter Rauenthal: Baiken, Gehrn (High Elevation — Steely, Long-Lived Riesling)Rheingau Rüdesheim: Berg Roseneck, Berg Rottland, Berg Schlossberg WINKEL: Schloss Vollrads (one of Germany's oldest wine estates, ~1211), Hasensprung

Rheinhessen8

Alsheim — Fischerpfad Flörsheim-Dalsheim — Hubacker (Keller K, G-Max — among Germany's most sought-after dry Rieslings)KEY PRODUCERS: Keller, Wittmann, Gunderloch, St. Antony, Battenfeld-Spanier, Schätzel, Groebe NIEDER-OLM cluster: Siefersheim (Heerkretz, Weisenheim)Oppenheim (Sackträger), Nackenheim (Rothenberg — Gunderloch estate; TBA legends)Rheinterrasse (Rhine Terrace): Nierstein — Hipping, Oelberg, Pettenthal & Roter Hang Westhofen Wonnegau (Inland Limestone Hills — New Quality Heartland)

Württemberg2

Key Producers: Graf Adelmann, Weingut Haidle, Weingut Wachtstetter, Albrecht Schwegler, Aldinger Key Villages: Untertürkheim, Möglingen, Lauffen, Heilbronn, Brackenheim (Schaubeck)

Ahr Baden Eiswein (Ice Wine)Franken / Franconia (Main River bend — inland Bavaria; unique Bocksbeutel flagon bottle)Hessische Bergstrasse KEY GRAPES: Riesling (~24%), Müller-Thurgau, Dornfelder, Pinot Noir, Pinot Gris, Scheurebe, Gewürztraminer KEY GRAPES: Riesling, Grüner Silvaner, Müller-Thurgau, Scheurebe, Pinot Gris, Pinot Noir, Dornfelder Kraichgau & Tauberfranken: Northeast German Regions Mittelrhein (Rhine Gorge)Mosel Mosel Anbaugebiet Mosel Wine Region Nahe Pfalz Rheinhessen Saale-Unstrut Sachsen / Saxony VDP Classification (Verband Deutscher Prädikatsweingüter)Württemberg (Stuttgart Region)

🇬🇷 Greece37

Aegean Islands5

Samos1

Samos Muscat

Santorini2

Sigalas Kavalieros: Benchmark Coastal Assyrtiko Vinsanto PDO (Santorini)

Lemnos PDO Muscat of Samos PDO

Central Macedonia1

Ktima Gerovassiliou: Epanomi PGI's Benchmark Estate

Crete1

Crete PDOs: Peza, Archanes, Dafnes & Sitia

Cyclades7

Santorini5

Domaine Argyros Cuvée Monsignori: Santorini's Ungrafted Treasure Nykteri (Santorini PDO)Santorini Assyrtiko: Greece's Most Complete White Wine Santorini PDO Rules: Assyrtiko & Indigenous White Wines Santorini Soils: Pure Volcanic

Paros PDO (Cyclades)Santorini PDO

Dodecanese1

Rhodes PDO (Dodecanese)

Epirus1

EPIRUS: Zitsa PDO

Ionian Islands1

Cephalonia / Kefalonia PDOs

Macedonia6

Amyndeon2

Alpha Estate (Amyndeon): Greece's Premier High-Altitude Xinomavro Producer Alpha Estate Xinomavro Omega: Greece's High-Altitude Masterpiece

Naoussa1

Naoussa Xinomavro: Greece's Answer to Barolo

Amyndeon PDO Goumenissa PDO Naoussa PDO

Peloponnese8

Achaia3

Achaia Clauss (Patras): Historic 1861 Winery Mavrodaphne of Patras PDO Muscat of Patras PDO & Muscat of Rio Patras PDO

Arcadia1

Mantinia PDO

Corinthia3

Nemea1

Nemea Elevation Tiers: Highland vs. Valley Floor Terroir

Nemea PDO Nemea: Agiorgitiko's Elegant Red Wine Region

Domaine Tselepos Mantinia: Benchmark Moschofilero & Premium Nemea

Thessaly1

Thessaly: Rapsani PDO

Attica / Athens: Savvatiano and Retsina Greek Wine Renaissance: 1980s–Present — Modern Architecture of Greek Wine Identity Greek Wine Terroir: Islands, Mountains & Ancient Traditions Greek Wine: The Modern Renaissance of Ancient Vineyards Phylloxera in Greece: Island Sanctuaries and Continental Devastation

🇭🇺 Hungary24

Tokaj11

Château Pajzos Disznókő Gróf Degenfeld Királyudvar NEEDS_VERIFICATION - This producer does not appear to exist in verifiable wine databases or critical reviews Oremus Single-Vineyard (Dűlő) Tokaj: Top Producers & Benchmark Expressions Tokaj Geography: Where Earth and History Meet Tokaj Soils: Volcanic Foundation of Hungarian Wine Excellence Tokaj: The World's First Classified Wine Region Tokaji Szamorodni

Villány1

Villány: Hungary's Premier Red Wine Region and Bordeaux Heartland

Balaton Felvidék PDO Eger PDO Etyek-Buda PDO Hungarian Grape Diversity: Indigenous Varieties and Rich Wine Heritage Hungary: Europe's Historic Wine Powerhouse Mátra PDO Pannonhalma PDO Sauska Borászat (Tibor Sauska)Sopron PDO Szekszárd PDO Tokaj PDO Villány PDO

🇮🇹 Italy407

Abruzzo9

Colline Teramane1

ABRUZZO — Colline Teramane Montepulciano d'Abruzzo DOCG

Abruzzo DOC (broader regional)Cerasuolo d'Abruzzo DOC (rosé)Controguerra DOC Montepulciano d'Abruzzo DOC Ortona DOC Pecorino DOC (Abruzzo)Trebbiano d'Abruzzo DOC Tullum DOCG

Alto Adige7

Alto Adige — Colli di Bolzano sub-zone Alto Adige — Lago di Caldaro / Kalterersee DOC Alto Adige — Meranese / Meraner sub-zone Alto Adige — Santa Maddalena sub-zone (Schiava)Alto Adige — Terlan / Terlano sub-zone (whites)Alto Adige — Val Venosta / Vinschgau sub-zone Alto Adige — Valle Isarco / Eisacktal sub-zone (whites)

Basilicata4

Aglianico del Vulture Superiore DOCG BASILICATA — Aglianico del Vulture DOCG Matera DOC Terre dell'Alta Val d'Agri DOC

Calabria14

Bivongi DOC CALABRIA — Cirò DOC (Gaglioppo-based — Italy's oldest continually produced wine)Calabria IGT Cirò Classico DOCG (recently elevated)Donnici DOC Greco di Bianco DOC (Sweet Greco Passito)I Terreni di San Severino DOC Lamezia DOC Melissa DOC Sant'Anna di Isola Capo Rizzuto DOC Savuto DOC Scavigna DOC Terre di Cosenza DOC Verbicaro DOC

Campania25

Costa d'Amalfi3

Costa d'Amalfi — Furore sub-zone Costa d'Amalfi — Ravello Sub-zone Costa d'Amalfi — Tramonti sub-zone

Aglianico del Taburno DOCG Aversa DOC (Asprinio)CAMPANIA — Taurasi DOCG (Aglianico)Campi Flegrei DOC Capri DOC Casavecchia di Pontelatone DOC Cilento DOC Costa d'Amalfi DOC Falanghina del Sannio DOC Falerno del Massico DOC Fiano di Avellino DOCG Galluccio DOC Greco di Tufo DOCG Irpinia DOC Ischia DOC Penisola Sorrentina DOC Sannio DOC (Campania's largest DOC)Sant'Agata dei Goti DOC Solopaca DOC Taurasi DOCG Terre del Volturno IGT Vesuvio DOC (Lacryma Christi del Vesuvio)

Delle Venezie DOC (Interregional)1

Delle Venezie DOC (interregional catch-all Pinot Grigio)

Emilia-Romagna17

Bosco Eliceo DOC Colli Bolognesi DOC Colli Bolognesi Pignoletto DOCG Colli di Faenza DOC Colli di Parma DOC Colli di Rimini DOC Colli Piacentini DOC EMILIA-ROMAGNA — Albana di Romagna DOCG (Italy's first white DOCG)Lambrusco di Sorbara DOC Lambrusco Grasparossa di Castelvetro DOC Lambrusco Reggiano DOC Lambrusco Salamino di Santa Croce DOC Pagadebit di Romagna DOC Reno DOC Romagna DOC (Sangiovese, Trebbiano, Pagadebit, Albana)Romagna Sangiovese DOC Trebbiano di Romagna DOC

Friuli-Venezia Giulia12

Colli Orientali del Friuli1

Colli Orientali del Friuli Picolit DOCG

Carso DOC (Terrano/Refosco, coastal karst)Friuli Annia DOC Friuli Aquileia DOC Friuli Colli Orientali DOC Friuli DOC (overarching regional DOC)Friuli Grave DOC Friuli Isonzo DOC Friuli Latisana DOC FRIULI-VENEZIA GIULIA — Collio Goriziano / Collio DOC Ramandolo DOCG (Verduzzo)Rosazzo DOCG (Ribolla Gialla-based white)

Lazio21

Aprilia DOC Bianco Capena DOC Cannellino di Frascati DOCG (sweet)Castelli Romani DOC Cerveteri DOC Cesanese del Piglio DOCG Cesanese di Affile DOC Cesanese di Olevano Romano DOC Colli Albani DOC Colli Albani Superiore (emerging)Colli Lanuvini DOC Est! Est!! Est!!! di Montefiascone DOC Frascati Superiore DOCG Genazzano DOC LAZIO — Frascati DOC Lazio IGT (Falesco / Montiano, etc.)Lazio Region Wines Marino DOC Nettuno DOC Velletri DOC Zagarolo DOC

Liguria7

Colli di Luni DOC — Liguria and Tuscany Liguria — Cinque Terre DOC Liguria — Cinque Terre Sciacchetrà DOC (Sweet Bosco Passito)Liguria — Pornassio / Ormeasco di Pornassio DOC Liguria — Riviera Ligure di Ponente DOC Liguria — Rossese di Dolceacqua DOC Liguria — Val Polcèvera DOC

Lombardy21

Valtellina Superiore5

Valtellina Superiore — Grumello subzone Valtellina Superiore — Inferno subzone Valtellina Superiore — Maroggia Subzone Valtellina Superiore — Sassella subzone Valtellina Superiore — Valgella Subzone

Franciacorta DOCG — Lombardy's Metodo Classico Sparkling Wine Lombardy — Botticino DOC Lombardy — Capriano del Colle DOC Lombardy — Cellatica DOC Lombardy — Curtefranca DOC (Still Wines of Franciacorta)Lombardy — Garda DOC Lombardy — Lugana DOC (Turbiana / Trebbiano di Lugana, shared with Veneto)Lombardy — Oltrepò Pavese DOC Lombardy — Oltrepò Pavese Metodo Classico DOCG (Pinot Nero sparkling)Lombardy — Riviera del Garda Classico DOC (Groppello-based)Lombardy — San Colombano al Lambro DOC Lombardy — Terre di Oltrepò DOC Lombardy — Valcalepio DOC Lombardy — Valtellina Superiore DOCG Lugana DOC Sforzato di Valtellina DOCG — Dried Nebbiolo from the Alps

Lombardy / Emilia-Romagna1

Lambrusco Mantovano DOC (shared with Lombardy)

Marche19

Verdicchio dei Castelli di Jesi1

Verdicchio dei Castelli di Jesi Classico sub-zone

Bianchello del Metauro DOC Colli Maceratesi DOC Colli Pesaresi DOC Falerio DOC Lacrima di Morro d'Alba DOC MARCHE — Conero DOCG (Montepulciano)Marche IGT Offida DOCG (Pecorino + Passerina)Pergola DOC Rosso Conero DOC Rosso Piceno DOC Rosso Piceno Superiore DOC San Ginesio DOC Terre di Offida DOC Verdicchio dei Castelli di Jesi DOC Verdicchio di Matelica DOC Verdicchio di Matelica Riserva DOCG Vernaccia di Serrapetrona DOCG (Sparkling Red)

Molise3

Biferno DOC Molise — Molise DOC (Tintilia del Molise)Pentro di Isernia DOC

Northeast Italy1

Valdadige DOC (shared with Trentino & Alto Adige)

Piedmont66

Asti1

Canelli DOCG (Moscato frizzante sub-zone of Asti)

Barbaresco4

Barbaresco — Neive Commune (Albesani, Gallina, Serraboella & Other MGAs)Barbaresco — San Rocco Seno d'Elvio Commune Barbaresco — Treiso Commune (Pajorè MGA, Marcarini MGA)Barbaresco Commune: Asili MGA, Rabajà MGA, and Montestefano MGA

Barbera d'Asti2

Barbera d'Asti Superiore Colli Astiani DOCG (sub-zone)Barbera d'Asti Superiore Tinella (geographic area)

Barolo11

Barolo commune — Barolo village (Cannubi MGA, Sarmassa MGA)Barolo Commune — Castiglione Falletto (Villero MGA, Rocche di Castiglione MGA, Bricco Rocche MGA)Barolo commune — Cherasco Barolo Commune — Diano d'Alba Barolo commune — Grinzane Cavour Barolo Commune — La Morra (Brunate MGA, Cerequio MGA, La Serra MGA)Barolo Commune — Monforte d'Alba (Bussia MGA, Ginestra MGA, Pajana vigna)Barolo Commune — Novello Barolo commune — Roddi Barolo Commune — Serralunga d'Alba (Vigna Rionda, Falletto & Francia MGAs)Barolo commune — Verduno

Carema DOC1

Carema DOC

Langhe3

Dolcetto d'Alba DOC Dolcetto delle Langhe Monregalesi DOC Dolcetto di Diano d'Alba DOC

Monferrato1

Ruché di Castagnole Monferrato DOCG

Alta Langa DOCG (sparkling, metodo classico)Asti Spumante DOCG Barbaresco DOCG Barbera d'Alba DOC Barbera d'Asti DOCG Barbera d'Asti Superiore Nizza DOCG Barbera del Monferrato DOC Barbera del Monferrato Superiore DOCG Barolo DOCG Boca DOC Brachetto d'Acqui / Acqui DOCG Bramaterra DOC Colli Tortonesi DOC (Timorasso whites)Coste della Sesia DOC: Alto Piemonte's Broad Northern Appellation Dolcetto d'Acqui DOC Dolcetto d'Asti DOC Dolcetto di Dogliani Superiore / Dogliani DOCG Dolcetto di Ovada DOC Dolcetto di Ovada Superiore / Ovada DOCG Erbaluce di Caluso DOCG Fara DOC Freisa d'Asti DOC Freisa di Chieri DOC Gattinara DOCG (Nebbiolo)Gavi / Cortese di Gavi DOCG Ghemme DOCG (Nebbiolo)Grignolino d'Asti DOC Grignolino del Monferrato Casalese DOC Langhe DOC (Nebbiolo, Chardonnay, Arneis, Dolcetto — Piedmont catch-all)Lessona DOC Loazzolo DOC (Moscato passito)Malvasia di Casorzo d'Asti DOC Malvasia di Castelnuovo Don Bosco DOC Monferrato DOC Moscato d'Asti DOCG Nebbiolo d'Alba DOC Nizza DOCG (Barbera cru, standalone since 2014)Piedmont Piedmont Wine Region Piemonte DOC Roero DOCG (Arneis Whites and Nebbiolo Reds)Sizzano DOC Terre Alfieri DOCG (Arneis & Nebbiolo)

Puglia26

Salento1

Salice Salentino DOC

Aleatico di Puglia DOC Bari DOC Brindisi DOC Castel del Monte DOC Castel del Monte DOCG (Bombino Nero rosé)Castel del Monte Nero di Troia Riserva DOCG Castel del Monte Rosso Riserva DOCG Copertino DOC Galatina DOC Gioia del Colle DOC Gravina DOC Leverano DOC Locorotondo DOC Martina Franca DOC Moscato di Trani DOC Nardò DOC Orta Nova DOC Ostuni DOC Primitivo di Manduria DOC Primitivo di Manduria Dolce Naturale DOCG Puglia (Apulia) — Primitivo di Manduria DOC Puglia IGT Rosso di Cerignola DOC San Severo DOC Squinzano DOC

Sardinia20

Alghero DOC Arborea DOC Cagliari DOC (umbrella)Campidano di Terralba DOC Carignano del Sulcis DOC Girò di Cagliari DOC Isola dei Nuraghi IGT Malvasia di Bosa DOC Malvasia di Cagliari DOC Mandrolisai DOC Monica di Sardegna DOC Moscato di Sardegna DOC Moscato di Sorso-Sennori DOC Nasco di Cagliari DOC Nuragus di Cagliari DOC Sardinia — Cannonau di Sardegna DOC Sardinian Wine Regions Vermentino di Gallura DOCG Vermentino di Sardegna DOC Vernaccia di Oristano DOC

Sicily25

Etna1

Etna Rosso Sub-zones: Arcuria, Guardiola, Feudo di Mezzo, Calderara Sottana

Alcamo DOC Cerasuolo di Vittoria DOCG Contessa Entellina DOC Delia Nivolelli DOC Eloro DOC (Nero d'Avola, Pachino sub-zone)Etna Bianco DOC Faro DOC (Nerello Mascalese, northeast Sicily)Malvasia delle Lipari DOC Marsala DOC Menfi DOC Monreale DOC Moscato di Noto DOC Moscato di Siracusa DOC Noto DOC Pantelleria DOC (Zibibbo/Moscato di Alessandria Passito)Riesi DOC Sambuca di Sicilia DOC Santa Margherita di Belice DOC Sciacca DOC Sicilia DOC (island-wide appellation)SICILY — Etna DOC (Nerello Mascalese red, Carricante white)Siracusa DOC Terre Siciliane IGT Vittoria DOC

Southern Italy1

Molise1

Tintilia del Molise DOC

Trentino1

Teroldego Rotaliano DOC

Trentino-Alto Adige5

Alto Adige1

TRENTINO-ALTO ADIGE — Alto Adige / Südtirol DOC

Trentino3

Trentino DOC Trentino Superiore DOC Trento DOC (metodo classico sparkling)

Valdadige Terra dei Forti DOC

Tuscany44

Bolgheri1

Bolgheri Sassicaia DOC (single estate DOC)

Chianti9

Chianti — Colli Aretini Sub-Zone Chianti — Colli Fiorentini Sub-Zone Chianti — Colli Senesi Sub-zone Chianti Classico DOCG Chianti Classico Riserva Chianti Colline Pisane Sub-zone Chianti Montalbano Sub-Zone Chianti Montespertoli — Sub-Zone of Chianti DOCG Chianti Rufina — Sub-zone Profile

Maremma1

Suvereto DOCG (Merlot / Cab Sauv, Maremma)

Ansonica Costa dell'Argentario DOC Bianco di Pitigliano DOC Bolgheri DOC (Home of Super Tuscans: Sassicaia, Ornellaia)Brunello di Montalcino DOCG Candia dei Colli Apuani DOC Carmignano DOCG Chianti DOCG Colli dell'Etruria Centrale DOC Colli di Luni DOC Colline Lucchesi DOC Cortona DOC Elba Aleatico Passito DOCG Elba DOC Maremma Toscana DOC Montecucco DOC Montecucco Sangiovese DOCG Monteregio di Massa Marittima DOC Morellino di Scansano DOCG (Sangiovese, Maremma)Orcia Sub-Zone Parrina DOC Pomino DOC Rosso di Montalcino DOC Rosso di Montepulciano DOC San Gimignano DOC Sovana DOC Super Tuscan Toscana IGT: Super Tuscans, Sassicaia, Masseto, and Tignanello Tuscan Wine Regions TUSCANY — Brunello di Montalcino DOCG Val di Cornia DOC Val di Cornia Rosso DOCG Vernaccia di San Gimignano DOCG Vino Nobile di Montepulciano DOCG

Umbria16

Orvieto1

Orvieto Classico sub-zone

Amelia DOC Assisi DOC Colli Amerini DOC Colli del Trasimeno DOC Colli Martani DOC Colli Perugini DOC Lago di Corbara DOC Montefalco Rosso DOC Orvieto DOC Rosso Orvietano DOC Spoleto DOC (Trebbiano Spoletino)Todi DOC Torgiano Rosso Riserva DOCG UMBRIA — Sagrantino di Montefalco DOCG Umbria IGT

Valle d'Aosta5

Valle d'Aosta — Blanc de Morgex et de La Salle DOC Valle d'Aosta — Chambave DOC Valle d'Aosta — Donnas DOC (Nebbiolo-based, Alpine)Valle d'Aosta — Enfer d'Arvier DOC Valle d'Aosta — Torrette DOC

Veneto33

Colli Euganei1

Colli Euganei Fior d'Arancio DOCG (Moscato)

Friuli-Venezia Giulia1

Lison DOCG (Tocai/Friulano)

Soave1

Recioto di Soave DOCG

Valdobbiadene1

Cartizze sub-zone (within Valdobbiadene — finest Prosecco hill)

Valpolicella3

Recioto della Valpolicella DOCG Valpolicella — Valpantena Sub-zone Valpolicella Classico Sub-Zone

Amarone della Valpolicella DOCG Arcole DOC Bagnoli Friularo DOCG Bardolino Chiaretto DOC Bardolino DOC Bardolino Superiore DOCG Bianco di Custoza DOC Colli Berici DOC Colli di Conegliano DOCG Colli Euganei DOC Conegliano Valdobbiadene Prosecco Superiore DOCG Gambellara Classico DOC Gambellara DOC Lessini Durello DOC (metodo classico sparkling)Lison-Pramaggiore DOC (shared with Friuli)Montello DOC Piave DOC Piave Malanotte DOCG (Raboso)Riviera del Brenta DOC Soave DOC Soave Superiore DOCG Valpolicella DOC Valpolicella Ripasso DOC VENETO — Amarone della Valpolicella DOCG Vicenza DOC Vini del Piave DOC

Veneto & Friuli-Venezia Giulia1

Prosecco DOC

Italian White Wine Regions Valle d'Aosta DOC (entire region — Italy's smallest wine zone)

🇲🇩 Moldova9

Castel Mimi Château Vartely Cricova Estate Bostavan FAUTOR (Zarnești)Geopolitics of Moldovan Wine: From Russian Embargo to EU Renaissance Milestii Mici Moldova Geography: Terroir of Three Distinct Regions Negru de Purcari

🇵🇹 Portugal95

Alentejo12

Alentejo Key Grapes (Red): Aragonez, Trincadeira, Alicante Bouschet & More Alentejo Key Grapes (White): Antão Vaz, Arinto, Roupeiro, Fernão Pires & Verdelho Alentejo Sub-Regions (8 + Regional)Borba (limestone plateau; Aragonez dominant; high tannin potential)Évora: Ancient Roman Heritage and Modern Portuguese Elegance Granja-Amareleja Moura (Southern Alentejo, Portugal)Pera Manca (Cartuxa) — Benchmark Alentejo White & Red Portalegre Redondo (clay-chalk; Trincadeira, Aragonez; Fundação Eugénio de Almeida estates)Reguengos de Monsaraz Vidigueira: Portugal's Schist Sanctuary for Antão Vaz

Algarve3

Algarve Key Grapes: Negra Mole, Crato Branco, Castelão, Syrah, Touriga Nacional Algarve Winemaking: From Tourist Wine to Altitude Viticulture Pioneer Quinta dos Vales (Estômbar)

Azores5

Azorean Wines: Character, Climate & Atlantic Identity Biscoitos DOC (Terceira Island; Verdelho da Terceira — Verdelho dominant; volcanic soils)Graciosa DOC Lajido de Santa Bárbara (Pico — Picado Cultivation Style)Pico DOC

Bairrada3

Bairrada Red Character: Portugal's Most Tannic Expression Bairrada Sparkling: Portugal's Traditional Method Treasure Key Bairrada Producers: Luís Pato, Filipa Pato, Sidônio de Sousa, Quinta do Encontro & Quinta das Bágeiras

Beiras1

Távora-Varosa DOC

Dão4

Dão Key Grapes (Red): Touriga Nacional, Tinta Roriz, Alfrocheiro Preto, Jaen & Rufete Dão Key Grapes (White): Encruzado Dão Sub-Zones: Serra da Estrela, Alva, Besteiros, Castendo, Terras de Azurara, Terras do Senhorim KEY PRODUCERS: Quinta dos Roques, Quinta da Pellada, Rui Reguinga (Quinta das Marias), Boas Quintas, Casa de Santar (Sogrape), Álvaro Castro (Pellada), Dão Sul

Douro10

Port3

Vintage Port (Single Declared Harvest)Vintage Port Declarations: Best Recent Years White Port (Rabigato, Viosinho, Malvasia — dry to lagrima sweet; serve chilled; White Port & Tonic trend)

Barca Velha: Portugal's Most Iconic Dry Red Wine Douro DOC (Table Wines)Douro Key Grapes (Red)Douro Key Grapes (White): Rabigato, Viosinho, Arinto, Gouveio, Malvasia Fina Douro Superior Key Dry Wine Producers: Douro's Modern Masters Port House Locations: Vila Nova de Gaia

Estremadura4

Arruda DOC (clay-limestone; Castelão, Fernão Pires)Bucelas DOC Carcavelos DOC Colares DOC

Lisboa2

Alenquer DOC (Inland Limestone Hills; Castelão, Trincadeira, Arruda)Torres Vedras DOC (Atlantic-influenced; Fernão Pires, Castelão)

Madeira3

Madeira Styles by Grape (Driest to Sweetest)Madeira: The Immortal Wine Malvasia / Malmsey (Sweetest Madeira)

Península de Setúbal1

Arrábida DOC (Setúbal Peninsula; clay-limestone; Mediterranean; Castelão + international varieties)

Porto3

Douro3

20-Year-Old Tawny (Benchmark Category)Baixo Corgo Cima Corgo (Heart of Quality Port — Vintage Port Heartland)

Setúbal Peninsula2

Palmela DOC (Castelão/Periquita)Setúbal DOC / Moscatel de Setúbal

Tejo1

Tejo Sub-Zones: Ribatejo, Chamusca, Almeirim, Coruche, Santarém, and Tomar

Vinho Verde14

Baião1

Sub-region: Baião (Avesso grape dominant — rounder, fuller)

Paiva1

Sub-region: Paiva (Amaral, Vinhão red dominant)

Key Producers: Soalheiro, Quinta de Soalheiro, Anselmo Mendes, Paço das Mariças, Quinta de Ameal (Loureiro), Casa de Sezim, Quinta de Aveleda, Quinta da Raza, Regueiro Sub-region: Amarante (Arinto de Amarante, Alvarinho — very mineral)Sub-region: Ave (Loureiro, Arinto; inland; more structured)Sub-region: Braga (Loureiro, Trajadura, Arinto blends; most sub-regions bottled as village wine)Sub-region: Cávado (Loureiro + Arinto; area around Barcelos)Sub-region: Lima (Vinho Verde)Sub-region: Monção e Melgaço Sub-region: Sousa (area around Lousada; blended styles)Vinho Verde DOC Style: Light, Low-Alcohol Vinho Verde DOC: Portugal's Iconic Light & Lively Wine Vinho Verde Sub-Regions (9 Official)Vinho Verde: Portugal's Sparkling Green Wine Region

Alentejo DOC (Southern Portugal)Algarve (southernmost Portugal; 4 DOCs: Lagos, Lagoa, Portimão, Tavira)Azores GI / Açores IG (Regional Umbrella Across All Islands)Bairrada DOC Beira Interior DOC Dão DOC Dão vs Alentejo: Portugal's Tale of Elegance and Power DÃO/BAIRRADA KEY FACTS: Beiras Vinho Regional (IGP) allows blending across Bairrada + Dão + Beira Interior Douro Valley Encostas d'Aire DOC IVV (Instituto da Vinha e do Vinho) — National Wine Regulator Lafões DOC Lisboa DOC (formerly Estremadura)Madeira Madeira DOC (Island)Natural Wine Movement in Portugal's Atlantic Interior: Douro, Dão, and Bairrada Óbidos DOC (Atlantic limestone; Arinto, Fernão Pires whites; Castelão reds)Port Wine Port Wine: Portugal's Fortified Treasure Portugal's Douro Valley Wine Region Portugal's Wine Renaissance Portuguese Wine Regions Setúbal Peninsula Tejo DOC Trás-os-Montes DOC Vinho Regional Transmontano Vinho Verde

🇷🇴 Romania13

Dealu Mare3

DAVINO (Dealu Mare, Romania)Licorna Winehouse Serve Estate (Ceptura, Dealu Mare)

Dobrogea2

Alira Estate Murfatlar DOC

Moldavia2

Cotnari DOC Iași (Northeast Moldavian Wine Region)

Transylvania2

Cramele Recaș: Romania's Modern Wine Standard-Bearer Târnave DOC

Dealu Mare PDO Notable International Varieties Grown in Romania: Cabernet Sauvignon, Merlot, Pinot Noir, Chardonnay, Sauvignon Blanc Recaș (Timiș County, Western Romania)Romania: Europe's Sleeping Wine Giant

🇸🇰 Slovakia13

Južnoslovenská2

Strekov 1075 Strekov 1075: Slovakia's Natural Wine Revolution

Malokarpatská4

Karpatská Perla: Slovakia's Premier Alpine Vineyard MRVA & STANKO Pezinok: Slovakia's Wine Capital V&B Winery (Malokarpatská)

Tokajská1

Slovak Tokaj

Južnoslovenská (Southern Slovak Wine Region)Key Slovak Varieties: The Heart of Slovak Viticulture Malokarpatská (Small Carpathian) Wine Region Slovakia Wine Overview: Small but Historically Rich Slovakia Wine Regions Tokajská Wine Region (Eastern Slovakia; Tokaj Protected Zone)

🇸🇮 Slovenia9

Brda1

Flysch Soils of Brda: Slovenia's Mineral-Rich White Wine Terroir

Kras1

ČOTAR (Branko Čotar)

Podravje1

Stara Trta ('Old Vine'): The World's Oldest Grapevine in Maribor

Vipava Valley1

Vipava Valley Key Producers

Brda KRAS / KARST PDO Podravje Slovenian Grape Mix: International Varieties + Indigenous Treasures Vipava Valley PDO

🇪🇸 Spain120

Andalusia12

Jerez5

Sherry Styles: Fino (Bone Dry, Under Flor Yeast)Sherry Styles: Manzanilla (Fino aged in Sanlúcar — saltier, more delicate)Sherry Styles: Moscatel (Sweet, Fortified Muscat)Sherry Styles: Palo Cortado (Rare — Between Amontillado and Oloroso)Sherry Styles: Pedro Ximénez (PX) — Sun-Dried Grapes & Treacly Sweetness

Seville1

Lebrija VC (Vino de Calidad con Indicación Geográfica — Palomino, Moscatel)

Condado de Huelva DO (Zalema white + Sherry-like fortified wines)Jerez-Xérès-Sherry DO (Sherry — Palomino grape in Albariza chalk soils)Málaga DO (sweet and dry wines — Moscatel + PX)Manzanilla-Sanlúcar de Barrameda DO Montilla-Moriles DO (Pedro Ximénez — unfortified styles possible due to natural alcohol)Sierras de Málaga DO (dry table wines of Málaga province)

Aragon1

Somontano DO (Pyrenean foothills — Cabernet Sauvignon, Merlot + Parraleta, Moristel)

Aragón4

Calatayud DO (Old-Vine Garnacha at High Altitude)Campo de Borja DO (Garnacha — 'Empire of Garnacha', old vines)Cariñena DO Cueva del Perdido (Aragón)

Balearic Islands6

Binissalem DO (Mallorca — Manto Negro + Prensal Blanc indigenous varieties)Formentera VC Pla i Llevant DO (Eastern Mallorca)Serra de Tramuntana-Costa Nord VdlT (Northwest Mallorca Mountains)Vi de la Terra Eivissa (Ibiza)Vi de la Terra Mallorca IGP (island-wide)

Basque Country5

Rioja2

Rioja Alavesa (Basque Country — clay-limestone soils, elegant Tempranillo)Rioja Alavesa (Part of DOCa Rioja — Basque Province)

Txakoli de Álava DO / Arabako Txakolina Txakoli de Bizkaia DO / Bizkaiko Txakolina Txakoli de Getaria DO / Getariako Txakolina

Canary Islands11

Abona DO (Tenerife)El Hierro DO Gran Canaria DO Islas Canarias DO (regional umbrella — 2012, all islands)La Gomera DO (Forastera Blanca — humid, forested island)La Palma DO (Canary Islands)Lanzarote DO (Volcanic Hoyos & Malvasía Volcánica)Tacoronte-Acentejo DO (Canary Islands)Valle de Güímar DO (Rift Valley, up to 1,400m Elevation — Listán Blanco Whites)Valle de la Orotava DO Ycoden-Daute-Isora DO (northwest Tenerife, Mount Teide slopes — aromatic Malvasía whites)

Castile and León6

Ribera del Duero Rueda DO (Verdejo white — Spain's finest native white grape)Sierra de Salamanca VC (Rufete grape)Tierra de León DO (Prieto Picudo grape — floral, spicy reds)Tierra del Vino de Zamora DO Toro DO

Castilla y León8

Arlanza DO (emerging, Tempranillo — upper Arlanza river)Arribes DO (Rufete + Juan García — Portugal Border)Bierzo DO (Mencía on slate slopes — Álvaro Palacios Pétalos, Descendientes de J. Palacios)Cebreros VC (Garnacha on granite — old vines, Madrid foothills)Cebreros VC (old-vine Garnacha on granite — moving toward DO)Cigales DO (rosado + Tempranillo reds, north of Valladolid)Ribera del Duero DO (Tinto Fino/Tempranillo — Vega Sicilia, Pingus, Protos, Pesquera)Ribera DOC

Castilla-La Mancha14

Pago Calzadilla1

Pago Calzadilla (Castilla-La Mancha)

Vino de Pago1

Pago Guijoso (D.O. Pago El Guijoso)

Almansa DO (Garnacha Tintorera/Alicante Bouschet + Monastrell)Casa del Blanco (Castilla-La Mancha)Dehesa del Carrizal (Castilla-La Mancha)Finca Élez (Castilla-La Mancha — Manuel Manzaneque)La Mancha DO Manchuela DO (Bobal grape — increasingly serious quality)Mentrida DO (Old-Vine Garnacha near Toledo)Mondéjar DO Pago Florentino (Castilla-La Mancha)Ribera del Júcar DO (Bobal + Tempranillo — Cuenca province)Uclés DO (High-Altitude La Mancha — Tempranillo)Valdepeñas DO (Tempranillo 'Cencibel' — light, early-drinking reds in hot south)

Catalonia13

Costers del Segre1

Castell del Remei DOC

Alella DO (Pansa Blanca/Xarel·lo whites — north of Barcelona coast)Ampurdán-Costa Brava (Empordà)Conca de Barberà DO (Trepat rosé + Chardonnay — cool, high altitude)Costers del Segre DO (diverse inland — Raimat estate)Empordà DO (Costa Brava — Grenache, Carignan, Muscat)Montsant DO Penedès DO (Xarel·lo, Macabeo, Parellada — home of Torres; also international varieties)Pla de Bages DO (inland Catalonia — Picapoll white)Priorat Priorat DOQ Tarragona DO Terra Alta DO (Garnacha Blanca specialist)

Extremadura1

Ribera del Guadiana DO (Extremadura — Tempranillo, Garnacha, Montúa)

Galicia11

Rías Baixas5

Ribeira do Ulla1

Rías Baixas sub-zones: Ribeira do Ulla (northernmost, lightest style)

Rías Baixas sub-zones: Condado do Tea (inland, Albariño + Treixadura)Rías Baixas sub-zones: O Rosal (Albariño + Loureiro blends)Rías Baixas sub-zones: Soutomaior (smallest, single valley)Rías Baixas sub-zones: Val do Salnés (largest, coastal — purest Albariño expression)

Ribeira Sacra1

Ribeira Sacra sub-zones: Amandi, Chantada, Quiroga-Bibei, Ribeiras do Miño, Ribeiras do Sil

Monterrei DO (Galicia's warmest — Mencía reds, Doña Blanca whites)Rías Baixas DO (Albariño — Spain's benchmark white)Ribeira Sacra DO (Mencía on dramatic slate terraces above Sil River canyons)Ribeiro DO (Treixadura, Godello, Torrontés — Galician blends)Valdeorras DO (Godello white — Spain's most elegant white grape)

La Rioja2

Rioja2

Rioja Alta (Western Sub-Zone)Rioja Oriental (Eastern Sub-zone)

Murcia3

Bullas DO (Monastrell — coolest Murcia DO, freshest style)Jumilla DO (Monastrell/Mourvèdre — hot, dry, powerful reds; also fresh whites)Yecla DO (Monastrell — single municipality)

Navarra4

Navarra DO (Garnacha rosado + Tempranillo, Chardonnay, Cabernet Sauvignon)Pago de Arínzano (Navarra — Tempranillo)Pago de Otazu (Navarra)Prado de Irache (Navarra)

Navarre1

Señorío de Arínzano (Navarra)

Rioja1

Vino de Municipio / Vino de Pueblo (Village-Level Designation)

Utiel-Requena1

Vera de Estenas (Utiel-Requena DO / Vino de Pago)

Valencia7

Alicante DO (Monastrell + Moscatel — Marina Alta sub-zone for white Moscatel)Chozas Carrascal (Valencia)El Terrerazo (Valencia — Mustiguillo, Bobal)Enrique Mendoza (Alicante — Vino de Pago)Los Balagueses (Valencia)Utiel-Requena DO (Bobal — indigenous grape, thick-skinned, high acidity rosados)Valencia DO

Canary Islands Key Grapes: Listán Blanco, Listán Negro, Malvasía Volcánica, and More Castilla-La Mancha Cava DO (traditional method sparkling — 95% from Catalonia; Xarel·lo, Macabeo, Parellada)Key Grapes: Tempranillo, Garnacha, Graciano, Mazuelo, Viura (Macabeo), Malvasía, Garnacha Blanca Rioja Rioja DOCa (Spain's first DOCa, 1991 — Tempranillo dominant)Spain: Europe's Vineyard Giant Vino de Pago (VP) — Spain's Single-Estate Wine Designation Vinos de Madrid DO

🇨🇭 Switzerland45

Aargau1

Aargau

Berne1

Berne Canton: South Biel/Bienne Lake Shore

Fribourg1

Fribourg (Vully)

Geneva3

Geneva AOC Geneva Canton Geneva Key Varieties: Chasselas, Gamay, Pinot Noir & Swiss Crosses

Graubünden2

Bündner Herrschaft Bündner Herrschaft Pinot Noir

Neuchâtel1

Oeil-de-Perdrix: Neuchâtel's Signature Pale Rosé

Ticino2

Merlot (Ticino — 85% of canton; Mediterranean-Alpine Merlot unique style)Ticino Merlot (Merlot del Ticino DOC)

Valais9

Chasselas in Valais (Fendant)Dôle AOC Ermitage (Valais)Marie-Thérèse Chappaz: Valais's Most Celebrated Winemaker Pinot Noir in Valais: Alpine Elegance at Elevation Syrah in Valais Valais Climate: Continental + High Altitude Excellence Valais Soils: Alluvial Fans, Moraine, Gneiss, Schist, Limestone Visperterminen

Vaud7

Chablais1

Aigle1

Henri Badoux Aigle les Murailles: Switzerland's Most Iconic Chasselas

Lavaux2

Dézaley AOC Saint-Saphorin

Chablais Geneva's Unique Heritage: Agroscope Changins and Indigenous Grape Preservation La Côte (Vaud)Lavaux UNESCO

Garanoir German Switzerland (Deutschschweiz)Graubünden (Grisons)Neuchâtel Canton: Switzerland's Pink Wine Heritage Schaffhausen Canton Swiss Indigenous Grape Varieties and Viticultural Biodiversity Swiss Viticulture: Extreme Terrain & Heroic Alpine Winemaking Swiss Wine Paradox: Europe's Hidden Gem Swiss Wine Pricing: Why Switzerland's Wines Command Premium Prices Swiss Wine Region Switzerland Wine Regions to Watch: Bündner Herrschaft, Valais & Lavaux Switzerland's Topographic Diversity: Alpine and Jura Viticulture THREE LAKES REGION (Neuchâtel, Biel/Bienne, Murten/Morat lakes; multiple cantons — Neuchâtel, Berne, Fribourg, Vaud parts)Thurgau Ticino Valais (Wallis)Vaud Zurich Canton Wine Region

🇬🇧 United Kingdom37

England37

Cambridgeshire1

Cambridgeshire — Chilford Hall

Cornwall2

Camel Valley Cornwall Brut PDO (Pinot Noir Brut)Cornwall — Camel Valley (Bodmin Moor)

Devon1

Devon — Sharpham Vineyard (Dart Valley; Madeleine Angevine still whites)

East Sussex4

East Sussex — Bluebell Vineyard Estates (Horsted Keynes)East Sussex — Rathfinny Wine Estate Rathfinny Blanc de Blancs (East Sussex)Ridgeview Bloomsbury NV (Chardonnay-dominant)

Essex1

Essex — Flint Vineyard & Mersea Island Vineyard

Hampshire4

Hambledon Premier Cuvée NV (Hampshire chalk — Champagne-trained winemaker)Hampshire — Hambledon Vineyard Hampshire — Hattingley Valley (benchmark Blanc de Noirs, Classic Reserve NV)Hattingley Valley Classic Reserve NV

Herefordshire1

Herefordshire Wine Region

Kent3

Chapel Down Bacchus (Kent — England's bestselling aromatic white)Gusbourne Blanc de Blancs (Kent)Kent (Garden of England — Chardonnay, Pinot Noir, Bacchus; chalk & greensand soils)

Somerset1

Somerset — Avalon Vineyard; Oatley Vineyard; Lyme Bay Winery

Suffolk1

Suffolk — Lavenham Vineyard & Wyken Vineyard

Surrey2

Surrey — Albury Organic Vineyard Surrey — Denbies Wine Estate (Dorking; UK's largest single-estate vineyard, 265 acres)

West Sussex4

Ridgeview Grosvenor Blanc de Blancs West Sussex — Bolney Wine Estate (Still Reds + Sparkling; Foxhole Vineyard Pinot Noir)West Sussex — Nyetimber (pioneer estate; Classic Cuvée NV is England's defining sparkling wine)West Sussex — Ridgeview Wine Estate

Yorkshire1

Yorkshire — Leventhorpe Vineyard & Ryedale Vineyards

2010: Ridgeview's Grosvenor Blanc de Blancs 2006 Beats Champagne at the Decanter World Wine Awards 2011: Nyetimber Classic Cuvée 2003 Blanc de Blancs wins Decanter Platinum Average ABV: 11–12.5% still; 11.5–12.5% traditional method sparkling Chardonnay (dominant; delivers fine acid structure, citrus blossom, green apple)Emerging Wine Region: Tripled Vineyard Growth 2010-2024 English Sparkling Wine PDO (traditional method — world-class benchmark)English Sparkling Wine: Consistent Gold at IWC, Decanter, IWSC Since 2010 Key Vintage Years: 2018, 2020, and 2022 Nyetimber 1086 (Prestige Cuvée)Nyetimber Classic Cuvée NV (Chardonnay/Pinot Noir/Meunier — the benchmark English sparkling)Top Growing Counties: Kent, East & West Sussex, Hampshire, Surrey

Wales3

Wales — Ancre Hill Estates (Monmouth; traditional method + orange wines)Wales — Gwin Dylanwad Da; Llanerch Vineyard (Vale of Glamorgan)Welsh Wine PDO

Mediterranean White Wines Soviet Era Impact on Wine Regions

North America299

🇨🇦 Canada14

British Columbia6

Okanagan Valley4

South Okanagan2

Black Sage Bench Golden Mile Bench

Mission Hill Oculus Naramata Bench

Vancouver Island1

Gulf Islands VQA

Fraser Valley VQA

Nova Scotia1

Gaspereau Valley1

Benjamin Bridge

Ontario7

Niagara Peninsula5

Inniskillin Niagara Escarpment Bench Niagara Escarpment VQA Tawse Winery Twenty Mile Bench

Prince Edward County1

Norman Hardie Winery

Niagara Peninsula VQA

🇲🇽 Mexico13

Baja California11

Guadalupe Valley6

Adobe Guadalupe Casa de Piedra (Guadalupe Valley)La Bufadora Monte Xanic Monte Xanic Viña de Liceaga Vena Cava

KEY BAJA GRAPES: Nebbiolo (Surprising Success)Mexican Climate Advantage: Baja California's Pacific Maritime Influence Ojos Negros San Vicente Santo Tomás Valley

Mexican Wine Geography: Baja California, Central Highlands & Sonora Mexico's Central Highland Regions: Querétaro & Coahuila

🇺🇸 United States272

Arizona3

Arizona — Sonoita AVA Arizona — Verde Valley AVA Arizona — Willcox AVA

California130

Central Coast37

Cienega Valley1

Lime Kiln Valley AVA

Monterey2

San Bernabe AVA San Lucas AVA

Paso Robles7

Adelaida District AVA Paso Robles Estrella District AVA Paso Robles Geneseo District AVA Paso Robles Highlands District AVA Paso Robles Willow Creek District AVA San Miguel District AVA Templeton Gap District AVA

Santa Barbara County1

Happy Canyon of Santa Barbara AVA

Santa Clara Valley1

San Ysidro District AVA

Santa Ynez Valley3

Ballard Canyon AVA Los Olivos District AVA Sta. Rita Hills AVA

Arroyo Grande Valley AVA Arroyo Seco AVA Carmel Valley AVA Chalone AVA Cienega Valley AVA Creston District AVA Edna Valley AVA Hames Valley AVA Pacheco Pass AVA Paso Robles AVA San Antonio Valley AVA San Benito AVA San Juan Creek AVA San Luis Obispo Coast AVA Santa Barbara County AVA Santa Clara Valley AVA Santa Cruz Mountains AVA Santa Lucia Highlands AVA Santa Margarita Ranch AVA Santa Maria Valley AVA Santa Ynez Valley AVA York Mountain AVA

Central Valley4

Clarksburg1

Merritt Island AVA

Lodi1

Jahant AVA

Borden Ranch AVA Madera AVA

El Dorado1

Fair Play AVA

Lake County2

Benmore Valley AVA Kelsey Bench-Lake County AVA

Lodi1

Sloughhouse AVA

Lodi AVA1

Alta Mesa AVA

Los Carneros1

Los Carneros AVA

Malibu Coast1

Malibu-Newton Canyon AVA

Mendocino County2

McDowell Valley AVA Mendocino Ridge AVA

Napa Valley14

Atlas Peak AVA Calistoga AVA Chiles Valley District AVA Coombsville AVA Diamond Mountain District AVA Howell Mountain AVA Mount Veeder AVA Oak Knoll District of Napa Valley AVA Oakville AVA Spring Mountain District AVA St. Helena AVA Stags Leap District AVA Wild Horse Valley AVA Yountville AVA

North Coast7

Mendocino2

Potter Valley AVA Redwood Valley AVA

Napa Valley1

Rutherford AVA

Sonoma County2

Rockpile AVA Russian River Valley AVA

Lake County AVA Red Hills Lake County AVA

Sierra Foothills3

California Shenandoah Valley AVA Cosumnes River AVA Fiddletown AVA

Sonoma County14

Petaluma AVA1

Petaluma Gap AVA (Sonoma County; Wind-Driven Cool-Climate Wines)

Russian River Valley1

Green Valley of Russian River Valley AVA

Alexander Valley AVA Bennett Valley AVA Chalk Hill AVA Dry Creek Valley AVA Fort Ross-Seaview AVA Knights Valley AVA Moon Mountain District AVA Northern Sonoma AVA Petaluma Gap AVA Sonoma Coast AVA Sonoma Mountain AVA Sonoma Valley AVA

South Coast3

South Coast — Ramona Valley AVA South Coast AVA Temecula Valley AVA

Southern California1

Saddle Rock-Malibu AVA

Anderson Valley AVA Antelope Valley of the California High Desert AVA Big Valley District-Lake County AVA Central Coast AVA Clarksburg AVA Clear Lake AVA Clements Hills AVA Cole Ranch AVA Contra Costa County AVA Cucamonga Valley AVA Dos Rios AVA Dunnigan Hills AVA El Dorado AVA Encinal Canyon-Malibu AVA Guenoc Valley AVA High Valley AVA Lamorinda AVA Leona Valley AVA Livermore Valley AVA Lodi AVA Marin County AVA Mokelumne River AVA Monterey AVA Mount Harlan AVA Napa Valley AVA North Coast AVA North Yuba AVA Oak Park AVA Round Valley AVA San Francisco Bay AVA San Pasqual Valley AVA Sierra Foothills AVA Sonoma County AVA Suisun Valley AVA Tehachapi Mountains AVA Trinity Lakes AVA Yolo County AVA Yorkville Highlands AVA

Colorado2

Colorado — Grand Valley AVA Colorado — West Elks AVA

Connecticut2

Connecticut Western Connecticut Highlands AVA Western Connecticut Highlands

Georgia2

Georgia — Dahlonega Plateau AVA Georgia — Upper Hiwassee Highlands AVA (shared)

Idaho2

Idaho — Eagle Foothills AVA Idaho — Lewis-Clark Valley AVA (ID)

Illinois2

Illinois — Shawnee Hills AVA Illinois — Upper Mississippi River Valley AVA (shared)

Indiana2

Indiana — Brandywine Creek (emerging wine country)Indiana — Ohio River Valley AVA (shared multi-state)

Iowa1

Iowa — Upper Mississippi River Valley AVA (shared)

Kentucky1

Kentucky — Ohio River Valley AVA (shared multi-state)

Maryland3

Maryland — Catoctin AVA Maryland — Cumberland Valley AVA Maryland — Linganore AVA

Michigan6

Michigan — Bel Lago (sub-zone, emerging)Michigan — Fennville AVA Michigan — Lake Michigan Shore AVA Michigan — Leelanau Peninsula AVA Michigan — Old Mission Peninsula AVA Michigan — Tip of the Mitt AVA

Minnesota2

Minnesota — St. Croix Valley (emerging)Minnesota — Upper Mississippi River Valley AVA (shared)

Missouri5

Missouri — Augusta AVA Missouri — Hermann AVA Missouri — Ozark Highlands AVA Missouri — Ozark Mountain AVA Missouri — Stone Hill Area (Historic Wine Country)

Montana1

Montana — No Recognized AVAs (Emerging)

Nevada1

Nevada — No Recognized AVAs (Emerging High-Altitude Production)

New England1

Southeastern New England AVA

New Jersey4

New Jersey — Cape May County (emerging wine country)New Jersey — Central Delaware Valley AVA (shared with PA)New Jersey — Outer Coastal Plain AVA New Jersey — Warren Hills AVA

New Mexico3

Mesilla Valley AVA (TX/NM)New Mexico — Middle Rio Grande Valley AVA New Mexico — Mimbres Valley AVA

New York13

Finger Lakes3

Cayuga Lake AVA Keuka Lake AVA Seneca Lake AVA

Long Island1

The Hamptons Long Island AVA

Champlain Valley of New York AVA Finger Lakes AVA Hudson River Region AVA Lake Erie AVA (NY)Long Island AVA New York — Niagara Escarpment AVA Niagara Escarpment AVA North Fork of Long Island AVA Upper Hudson AVA

North Carolina3

North Carolina — Haw River Valley AVA North Carolina — Swan Creek AVA North Carolina — Upper Hiwassee Highlands AVA

Ohio5

Ohio — Grand River Valley AVA Ohio — Isle St. George AVA Ohio — Lake Erie AVA (OH)Ohio — Loramie Creek AVA Ohio — Ohio River Valley AVA

Oregon27

Columbia Valley1

Walla Walla Valley AVA (Oregon Portion)

Rogue Valley2

Applegate Valley AVA Bear Creek Valley (Rogue sub-zone)

Umpqua Valley3

Elkton Oregon AVA Hundred Valleys of the Umpqua (sub-zone)Red Hill Douglas County AVA

Walla Walla Valley1

Rocks District of Milton-Freewater AVA (OR portion)

Willamette Valley11

Chehalem Mountains AVA1

Laurelwood District AVA

Chehalem Mountains AVA Dundee Hills AVA Eola-Amity Hills AVA Lower Long Tom AVA McMinnville AVA Ribbon Ridge AVA Tualatin Hills AVA Tualatin Valley AVA (Historical Sub-Zone)Van Duzer Corridor AVA Yamhill-Carlton AVA

Columbia Gorge AVA (OR)Columbia Valley AVA (Oregon Portion)Mount Pisgah-Polk County AVA Oregon Pinot Noir Rogue Valley AVA Snake River Valley AVA (ID/OR)Southern Oregon AVA Umpqua Valley AVA Willamette Valley AVA

Pennsylvania5

Pennsylvania — Central Delaware Valley AVA Pennsylvania — Cumberland Valley AVA Pennsylvania — Lake Erie AVA (PA)Pennsylvania — Lancaster Valley AVA Pennsylvania — Lehigh Valley AVA

Rhode Island1

Rhode Island AVA

Snake River Valley1

Oregon & Idaho — Snake River Valley AVA

South Carolina1

South Carolina — Emerging wine region (no current AVAs)

Tennessee1

Tennessee — Elk Valley AVA

Tennessee/Mississippi1

Tennessee — Mississippi Delta AVA (shared)

Texas6

Texas Hill Country1

Fredericksburg in the Texas Hill Country AVA

Bell Mountain AVA (TX)Texas Davis Mountains AVA Texas High Plains AVA Texas Hill Country AVA Texoma AVA

Virginia8

Virginia — Appalachian High Country AVA Virginia — Middleburg Virginia AVA Virginia — Monticello AVA Virginia — North Fork of Roanoke AVA Virginia — Northern Neck George Washington Birthplace AVA Virginia — Rocky Knob AVA Virginia — Shenandoah Valley AVA Virginia — Virginia's Eastern Shore AVA

Washington22

Columbia Valley17

Yakima Valley4

Candy Mountain AVA (Sub-Appellation of Yakima Valley, Est. 2020)Rattlesnake Hills AVA (Sub-Appellation of Yakima Valley)Red Mountain AVA Snipes Mountain AVA

Ancient Lakes of Columbia Valley AVA Beverly, Washington AVA Goose Gap AVA Horse Heaven Hills AVA (Sub-Appellation of Columbia Valley)Lake Chelan AVA (Sub-Appellation of Columbia Valley)Naches Heights AVA Rocky Reach AVA Royal Slope AVA The Burn of Columbia Valley AVA Wahluke Slope AVA (Sub-Appellation of Columbia Valley)Walla Walla Valley AVA White Bluffs AVA Yakima Valley AVA (Washington's First AVA, Est. 1983)

Columbia Gorge AVA (shared with OR)Columbia Valley AVA Lewis-Clark Valley AVA (shared with ID)Puget Sound AVA Washington State Wine Region

West Virginia2

West Virginia — Kanawha River Valley AVA West Virginia — Ohio River Valley AVA (shared)

Wisconsin3

Wisconsin — Lake Wisconsin AVA Wisconsin — Upper Mississippi River Valley AVA (shared)Wisconsin — Wisconsin Ledge AVA

Oceania180

🇦🇺 Australia110

New South Wales13

Canberra District1

Clonakilla Shiraz Viognier: Benchmark Cool-Climate Co-Fermented Shiraz

Central Ranges Zone2

Mudgee GI Orange GI (Central Ranges)

Hunter Valley5

Hunter Valley Semillon Hunter Valley Shiraz: earthy, savoury, medium-weight — the 'sweaty saddle' character explained Lower Hunter (Cessnock, Pokolbin)Tyrrell's Vat 1 Semillon 1996: James Halliday 100-point wine; released at 10 years+Upper Hunter (Mudgee Adjacent): Cooler, Higher Elevation; Chardonnay

Canberra District GI Hilltops GI Hunter Valley Hunter Valley GI Tumbarumba GI

Queensland3

Granite Belt1

Granite Belt Key Producers: Symphony Hill, Ballandean Estate, Robert Channon, Golden Grove Estate

Granite Belt GI (SE Queensland)South Burnett GI (inland QLD; subtropical; Verdelho specialty)

South Australia32

Adelaide Hills1

Lenswood sub-region

Barossa4

Eden Valley2

Eden Valley Key Producers Eden Valley Riesling

Barossa Valley Barossa Valley GI

Barossa Valley4

Barossa Soils: Red-Brown Earths, Ironstone and Clay Barossa Sub-zones: Eden Valley, Tanunda, Lyndoch, Nuriootpa, Angaston, Marananga, Greenock Barossa Valley Shiraz: Full-Bodied, Opulent, Dark Fruit, Chocolate, Black Pepper, Leather; 14–15% ABV Eden Valley GI

Clare Valley3

Clare Valley Riesling: Australia's Benchmark for Precision and Minerality Grosset Polish Hill: 100% Riesling; Watervale limestone; aged under Stelvin; 10–20yr cellaring Jim Barry Armagh Shiraz: Tiny Production; Age-Worthy; Benchmark Clare Red

Eden Valley2

High Eden sub-region: Higher Elevation within Eden Valley Hill of Grace (Henschke): Nicholas Block — Shiraz Vines Planted ~1860s

Fleurieu Zone1

Currency Creek GI

Limestone Coast Zone2

Coonawarra1

Coonawarra Cabernet Sauvignon: Australia's Benchmark Red

Coonawarra GI (Limestone Coast Zone)

McLaren Vale6

McLaren Flat and Willunga: Two Defining Districts of McLaren Vale McLaren Vale Character: Medium-Full Body, Dark Chocolate + Dark Fruit + Dried Herbs (Maritime Influence)McLaren Vale Districts: Clarendon, Blewitt Springs & Kangarilla McLaren Vale Key Grapes: The Complete Guide to South Australia's Premier Varieties McLaren Vale Soils: Geological Complexity & 40+ Soil Types Women in Wine: McLaren Vale's Female Winemakers and the Wine Women of the Vale

Mount Lofty Ranges Zone3

Adelaide Hills2

Adelaide Hills: Key Grapes & Wine Styles Adelaide Hills: Key Producers & Benchmark Wines

Adelaide Hills GI (Mount Lofty Ranges Zone)

Clare Valley GI Kangaroo Island GI Langhorne Creek GI Limestone Coast Zone McLaren Vale GI Riverland GI (Hot, Irrigated; Large Volume Production — Jacob's Creek Sourcing Zone)

Tasmania7

Coal River Valley GI (South)EAST COAST: Freycinet, Spring Vale (Pinot Noir specialist)Huon Valley GI PIRIE Tasmania: Tasmania's Prestige Sparkling Wine Pioneer Tamar Valley GI Tasmania Key Producers Tasmania's Wine Identity: Fine Acid, Mineral Purity & Cool-Climate Excellence

Victoria24

Central Victoria2

Nagambie Lakes1

Tahbilk 1927 Marsanne: World's Oldest Continuously Producing Marsanne Vineyard

Pyrenees GI (Central Victoria)

Heathcote1

Jasper Hill Emily's Paddock + Georgia's Paddock: Benchmark Heathcote Shiraz

North East Victoria2

King Valley1

Prosecco (King Valley — PDO dispute with Italy ongoing; Australia defends right to use the name)

Rutherglen GI (Warm Northeast Victoria)

North East Victoria Zone4

Beechworth1

Giaconda Chardonnay: Australia's Cult Classic

King Valley1

Dal Zotto Pucino Prosecco: Australia's Prosecco Pioneer & King Valley's Italian Legacy

Rutherglen1

Chambers Rosewood Rare Muscat: Australia's Greatest Wine

Beechworth GI (Alpine Northeast Victoria)

Port Phillip6

Mornington Peninsula2

Mornington Peninsula Pinot Noir Mornington Peninsula Soils: Geological Diversity and Viticultural Significance

Yarra Valley2

Yarra Valley: Upper vs Lower — Microclimates, Styles & Character Yarra Valley: Victoria's Cool-Climate Wine Powerhouse

Yarra Valley Yarra Valley GI (Port Phillip Zone)

Rutherglen1

Muscat Blanc à Petits Grains (Rutherglen — world's finest sweet fortified Muscat)

Western Victoria Zone2

Grampians1

Best's Great Western Thomson Family Shiraz: Australia's Oldest Vines

Grampians GI (Mount Langi Ghiran)

Goulburn Valley GI Heathcote GI (Central Victoria)King Valley GI Macedon Ranges GI Mornington Peninsula GI Sunbury GI; Ballarat GI; Bendigo GI; Strathbogie Ranges GI

Western Australia18

Great Southern6

Albany Sub-Region Denmark Sub-region (Cool Coastal; Howard Park; Chardonnay, Pinot Noir)Frankland River sub-region Howard Park: Premium Great Southern Producer Mount Barker sub-region Porongurup sub-region (Stirling Range, Western Australia)

Margaret River6

Leeuwin Art Series Chardonnay: 1980 Inaugural Vintage Margaret River Cabernet Sauvignon Margaret River Chardonnay Margaret River Climate: Indian Ocean & Southern Ocean Influence Margaret River Soils: Ironstone Gravels, Gravelly Loam, and Clay Margaret River's Informal Sub-Regions (North to South)

South West Australia Zone1

Margaret River1

Cullen Diana Madeline: Biodynamic Pioneer & Australia's Age-Worthy Cabernet Standard

Great Southern GI Margaret River Margaret River GI Southwest Australia Wine Regions: Pemberton, Geographe, Manjimup & Peel GIs Swan Valley GI (Perth Hills)

Australian Shiraz Cabernet Sauvignon (Coonawarra, Margaret River, Barossa — structured, age-worthy)Export Markets: China, UK, USA, Canada Key Styles: Australia's Iconic Regional Expressions Penfolds Grange: Australia's Most Iconic Shiraz Pinot Noir (Yarra, Mornington, Tasmania — Australia's most exciting Pinot Noir outside NZ)Riesling (Clare Valley, Eden Valley, Great Southern — dry, lime, floral; ages magnificently)South East Australia Zone Tasmania GI (Island State)Terra Rossa: Shallow Red Soil Over Limestone Touriga Nacional, Tempranillo, Fiano, Nero d'Avola: Emerging Alternatives in McLaren Vale, Clare Valley & Barossa Trademark 'Australia' Multi-Regional Blends (SE Australia)Wine Australia Screwcap: Australia's Global Revolution in Closures

🇳🇿 New Zealand70

Auckland4

Waiheke Island1

Stonyridge Larose: Waiheke Icon

Auckland Districts: Kumeu & Waiheke Island Kumeu River Chardonnay (Brajkovich): New Zealand's Global Benchmark Waiheke Island

Canterbury3

Bell Hill Christchurch Plains: Bulk Chardonnay & Sauvignon Blanc from Flatter Sites Waipara Valley Sub-Region (North Canterbury)

Central Otago12

Bannockburn1

Felton Road Block 3 + Block 5 Pinot Noir

Wanaka1

Rippon Mature Vine Pinot Noir: Central Otago's Living Heritage

Alexandra Sub-Region Bannockburn Sub-region Bendigo Sub-Region (Schist; Cornish Point, Akarua)Central Otago Climate: Frost Risk, Diurnal Range & Intensity Central Otago Key Grapes: Pinot Noir, Pinot Gris, Riesling, Chardonnay & Gewürztraminer Central Otago Sub-regions (6 Recognized)Cromwell Basin / Lowburn Sub-region Gibbston Sub-Region Soils: Schist, Loess, Alluvial Gravel; Gold-Rush Mining History Shaped Landscape Wanaka Sub-Region

Gisborne1

Gisborne Chardonnay: tropical, peachy, round; often oaked; mass-market specialist

Hawke's Bay8

Gimblett Gravels1

Craggy Range Le Sol Syrah: Gimblett Gravels Benchmark, Northern Rhône Style, Hawke's Bay Icon

Gimblett Gravels Gimblett Gravels Character: Cabernet/Merlot/Syrah Gimblett Gravels: Hawke's Bay's Benchmark Terroir for Reds Hawke's Bay Chardonnay: Rich, Stone Fruit, Complex Hawke's Bay Key Grapes: The Heart of New Zealand's Premier Wine Region Hawke's Bay Soils: Exceptionally Diverse Te Mata Coleraine: New Zealand's Benchmark Bordeaux Blend

Marlborough11

Wairau Valley2

Wairau Plains Wairau River / Rapaura Road: Premium Sub-Zone Within Wairau Valley

Awatere Valley Sub-Region Cloudy Bay (LVMH)Marlborough Key Grapes: Sauvignon Blanc, Pinot Noir & Beyond Marlborough Pinot Noir Marlborough Sauvignon Blanc Character & Style Marlborough Sparkling Wine Marlborough: New Zealand's Sauvignon Blanc Powerhouse Southern Valleys Sub-Region: Brancott Valley, Fairhall, Omaka, Waihopai, Benmorven Wairau Valley Sub-Region

Nelson2

Nelson: New Zealand's Sunniest Wine Region and Its Two Terroirs Neudorf Moutere Chardonnay: consistently among NZ's top 3 Chardonnays; clay-heavy Moutere Hills soils

Northland1

KEY NORTHLAND GI: Marsden Estate, Karikari Estate (Gum Kauri Clay; Syrah + Cabernet)

Waipara Valley1

Pegasus Bay Riesling: New Zealand's Benchmark Off-Dry Expression

Wairarapa5

Martinborough2

Martinborough Pinot Noir Martinborough Terrace: River Terrace Soils

Ata Rangi Pinot Noir: Martinborough's Benchmark Dry River: New Zealand's Most Coveted Pinot Producer Wairarapa Sub-regions: Martinborough, Masterton & Gladstone

Auckland GI & Northland GI (North Island, New Zealand)Canterbury / Waipara GI Carbon-Conscious NZ Wine: Marlborough and Hawke's Bay Producers Leading Sustainability Central Otago Central Otago GI Gisborne GI Gisborne: New Zealand's White Wine Powerhouse Hawke's Bay Hawke's Bay GI Hawke's Bay: New Zealand's Premier Red Wine Region Key Export Markets: USA, Australia, UK, Canada — Premium Price Points & New Zealand's Export Dominance Marlborough Marlborough (South Island — Wairau Valley, Southern Valleys & Awatere Valley)Merlot (Hawke's Bay & Waiheke Island)Nelson GI New Zealand: Marlborough Sauvignon Blanc and Central Otago Pinot Noir New Zealand's Phylloxera-Free Regions & Pre-Phylloxera Ungrafted Vines Pinot Gris in New Zealand: Marlborough, Central Otago & Gisborne Pinot Noir in New Zealand: Central Otago, Wairarapa, Marlborough & Canterbury Sauvignon Blanc: Marlborough's Global Benchmark Syrah (Hawke's Bay & Waiheke Island — Northern Rhône Style)Wairarapa / Martinborough GI

South America112

🇦🇷 Argentina42

Mendoza12

Valle de Uco3

Gualtallary1

Catena Zapata Adrianna Vineyard: Gualtallary, Valle de Uco

Achaval-Ferrer Finca Altamira: Altamira, Valle de Uco Gualtallary Ward

Cabernet Sauvignon in Luján de Cuyo & Maipú, Mendoza Cheval des Andes: Argentina's Grand Cru Bordeaux-Style Blend Luján de Cuyo DOC (Mendoza, Argentina)Luján de Cuyo DOC: Argentina's Strictest Malbec Appellation Maipú District Mendoza Climate: Hot Days, Cold Nights Mendoza Key Sub-Regions: Luján de Cuyo, Maipú, Valle de Uco & San Rafael Mendoza Key Varieties: Argentina's Premier Wine Region Mendoza Soils: Sandy Clay, Clay Loam, Alluvial Gravel & Sand

Mendoza Province4

Valle de Uco2

Valle de Uco Departments: Tupungato, Tunuyán, and San Carlos Zuccardi Serie A: Valle de Uco Single-Parcel Malbec

San Rafael DOC Valle de Uco

Patagonia3

Río Negro2

Chacra Barda Pinot Noir: Río Negro; old vines (planted 1932); biodynamic; Piero Incisa della Rocchetta; benchmark Patagonian Pinot Noir; regularly 94–96pts Río Negro: Key Producers & Benchmark Estates

Río Negro Valley

Salta3

Cafayate1

Cafayate Torrontés

Bodega Colomé Altura Máxima: World's Highest Commercial Cabernet Sauvignon Cafayate

San Juan Province2

El Pomar District AVA San Juan Sub-zones: Tulum Valley & Pedernal Valley

Achaval-Ferrer, Catena Zapata, Zuccardi, Clos de los Siete: Argentina's Four Pillars of Super-Premium Production Argentina Argentina Wine Region Argentina's 'Golden Age': Late 1990s to Present — The Nicolas Catena Zapata Revolution Argentine Wine Revolution: 1990s–2000s Investment & Global Ascendancy Australia Catamarca Province Current DOCs: Luján de Cuyo DOC (1993 — Argentina's first DOC; Malbec only); San Rafael DOC; Mendoza IG High-Altitude Viticulture: Argentina's Sky-High Wine Regions La Rioja Province, Argentina Mendoza Mendoza Province Neuquén Province Patagonia Wine Regions Pinot Noir (Patagonia — Río Negro Chacra; also Mendoza cool sites; emerging cool-climate niche)San Juan Province Syrah in Argentina: San Juan and Valle de Uco Tempranillo in San Juan & Mendoza

🇨🇱 Chile50

Aconcagua2

Aconcagua Valley1

Seña: Aconcagua Valley's Pioneering Bordeaux Blend

San Antonio Valley DO

Aconcagua Region5

Casablanca Valley2

Casablanca Sauvignon Blanc: Chile's Crisp Coastal White Casablanca Valley Pinot Noir: Cool-Climate, Red Fruit, Maritime Elegance

Aconcagua Valley DO Casablanca Valley Casablanca Valley DO

Aconcagua Valley1

Aconcagua Valley

Araucanía1

Malleco Valley DO

Central Valley14

Maipo1

Maipo Sub-zones: Alto Maipo, Central Maipo & Maipo Costa

Maipo Valley1

Alto Maipo / Puente Alto: Chile's Premier Cabernet Sauvignon Terroir

Maule1

Maule: Chile's Old-Vine Treasure Chest

Maule Valley1

Carignan (Old-Vine Concentrations in Maule — VIGNO Designation)

Rapel1

Colchagua1

Montes Folly Syrah: Extreme Hillside Viticulture in Colchagua Valley

Rapel Valley4

Cachapoal Valley DO Colchagua Valley Colchagua Valley DO Colchagua Valley: Chile's Premier Red Wine Region

Curicó Valley DO Maipo Valley Maipo Valley DO Maule Valley DO Rapel Valley DO (South of Maipo; Two Key Sub-Valleys: Cachapoal + Colchagua)

Coquimbo3

Limarí2

Limarí Limestone: Chile's Mineral White Wine Frontier Limarí: Chile's Coolest Frontier for Premium Whites

Limarí Valley DO

Coquimbo Region2

Choapa Valley DO Elqui Valley DO

Itata Valley1

Itata: Chile's Natural Wine Frontier

Maipo Valley3

Alto Maipo2

Almaviva: Chile's Flagship Bordeaux-Style Icon Don Melchor: Concha y Toro's Puente Alto Flagship Cabernet

Errázuriz Viñedo Chadwick: Chile's Benchmark Cabernet Sauvignon

Rapel Valley1

Colchagua Valley1

Apalta1

Clos Apalta

San Antonio Valley1

Leyda Valley DO

Sur Region4

Itata Valley2

Cinsault in Old-Vine Itata Itata Key Producers: Chile's Benchmark for Natural Wine & Heritage Grapes

Bío-Bío Valley DO Itata Valley DO

Valparaíso Region1

Casablanca Valley: Chile's Cool-Climate Revolution

Atacama Region (DO Atacama)Cabernet Sauvignon in Chile Chile: Fifth Most Planted Wine Country with Remarkable Cool-to-Warm Diversity Chile's Unique Phylloxera-Free Status Concha y Toro: Chile's Wine Empire COQUIMBO REGION (DO Coquimbo): Three Valleys — Gateway to Premium Cool-Climate Production North of Santiago Miguel Torres Chile Pedro Parra: World-Renowned Chilean Terroir Consultant & Viticulturist Pinot Noir (Casablanca, San Antonio, Malleco — emerging; improving rapidly)Sauvignon Blanc (Casablanca, San Antonio/Leyda, Limarí — dominant white; crisp, herbaceous, citrus)Viognier, Riesling, Gewürztraminer (Emerging Cool-Climate Varieties — Elqui, Bío-Bío, San Antonio)

🇺🇾 Uruguay20

Maldonado1

Garzón: Uruguay's Limestone Benchmark

Rivera1

Cerro Chapeu Sub-Region (Rivera)

Albariño (Emerging White Star — Garzón Single Vineyard Albariño Gaining International Attention; Granite Soils; Uruguay's Most Exciting White Development)Antigua Bodega Stagnari Harriague Tannat: Uruguay's Historic Vines Cabernet Sauvignon in Canelones and Rivera, Uruguay Canelones Canelones: Uruguay's Maritime Tannat Benchmark Climate: Maritime Atlantic Influence; Moderate Humidity; Atlantic Ocean + Río de la Plata + Río Uruguay Temper Temperatures; Significant Rainfall; Limestone, Granite, Sandy, Clay, Loam Soils Colonia (Southwest Río de la Plata Coast)DO Regions: Canelones, Colonia, Maldonado, San José, Montevideo, Florida, Rivera, Paysandú, Artigas Maldonado Merlot (second most planted red; softer style; good value; Canelones)Pinot Noir (emerging premium; Maldonado + Rivera cooler sites)Rivera San José (west of Montevideo; Irurtia family historic cellars; limestone clay)Uruguay Wine Character: Atlantic Maritime Elegance Uruguay Wine Region Uruguay Wine Tourism: Garzón + Montevideo Wine Scene Growing; Pairing with Asado Culture; Wine + Gastronomy Trail Developing Uruguay's International Recognition: From Tannat Pioneer to Premium Destination Uruguay's Wine Identity: Tannat and National Pride