Blanc de Blancs Champagne (100% Chardonnay)

Decanter notes that up to the 1860s the grape now known as Chardonnay was identified together with Pinot Blanc under the general name 'Pineau Blanc', and that 100% Chardonnay Champagne only flourished in the second half of the 20th century. The INAO specification records that from the beginning of the 20th century three varieties, Pinot Noir, Chardonnay and Meunier, were selected for their balance of sugar and acidity and their aptitude for sparkling wine. Champagne Salon traces its first vintage to 1905, created by Eugène-Aimé Salon from the Chardonnay of Le Mesnil-sur-Oger, initially for his personal pleasure; the house says it was not until the 1920s that he shared it with the rest of the world.

• Decanter reports that in his 1966 book Wine, Hugh Johnson still considered 100% Chardonnay Champagnes 'new-fangled'
• Salon says just 37 vintages were produced in the 20th century, and it calls Salon 2015 its forty-fifth vintage
• In 1971 Rémi and Henri Krug secured vineyards in Le Mesnil-sur-Oger, including the walled Clos du Mesnil; Krug says the 1979 harvest was so outstanding that the brothers made a champagne exclusively from the Clos, presented for the first time in 1986
• Taittinger says its Comtes de Champagne Blanc de Blancs has been produced in forty-two vintages since 1952

The Comité Champagne describes the Côte des Blancs as one of Champagne's four main wine-growing sub-regions, named after its main white grape variety, Chardonnay. It extends from the north-east of the area under vine to the south-west, at right angles to the Marne Valley: a rolling landscape of slopes and hilltops 6 to 9 miles long whose chalk cliffs are particularly well suited to Chardonnay. Decanter describes a single, largely east-facing bank of Cretaceous-era chalk running south through Chouilly, Cramant, Cuis, Oiry, Avize, Oger, Le Mesnil-sur-Oger and Vertus. Chalk is highly porous and acts as a reservoir storing 300-400 litres of water per cubic metre, which the Comité Champagne says gives the vines a steady supply of water even in the driest summers.

• Chardonnay is mainly grown in the Côte des Blancs as well as the Côte de Sézanne, according to the Comité Champagne
• Decanter reports that much of the Côte faces east, meeting Chardonnay's need for early morning sun to ward off frost while avoiding fully intense southern exposures
• Chalk draws in water through capillary action, which the Comité Champagne says naturally regulates the vine's water consumption and helps achieve a balance of ripeness, acidity and berry aroma potential
• Champagne has a dual climate with both oceanic and continental influences and an average annual temperature of 11°C, per the Comité Champagne

The INAO specification lists eight principal varieties for Champagne: Arbane, Chardonnay, Chardonnay rose, Meunier, Petit meslier, Pinot blanc, Pinot gris and Pinot noir. The Comité Champagne names Chardonnay, Arbane, Petit Meslier, Pinot Blanc and Pinot Gris as the white varieties that can make up a Blanc de Blancs. It describes Chardonnay as a robust, early-ripening variety particularly well suited to chalk outcrops such as the Côte des Blancs, yielding delicately fragrant wines with floral, citrus and sometimes mineral notes, and an ideal grape for wines that age well. Decanter reports that the larger houses blend their top blanc de blancs largely from Côte des Blancs fruit, while entry-level examples tend to blend in less expensive Chardonnay from elsewhere in Champagne.

• Arbane, Petit Meslier, Chardonnay Rose, Pinot Blanc and Pinot Gris together account for 0.3% of the area under vine, per the Comité Champagne's grape-varieties page, consulted in September 2026
• Chardonnay Rose was listed among the appellation's authorized grape varieties in 2025, according to the Comité Champagne
• Maturation on lees combines yeast autolysis and slow oxidation, which the Comité Champagne says give the wine tertiary aromas of maturity and fullness
• At Salon, Decanter reports, there is no oak and no malolactic fermentation, and the wine ages on lees for around a decade

Decanter names Krug's Clos du Mesnil and the house of Salon, both in Le Mesnil-sur-Oger, as two of Champagne's rarest blanc de blancs. Krug describes Clos du Mesnil as a 1.84-hectare vineyard overlooked by the village church and protected by walls since 1698, made only in years when its Tasting Committee determines the climate reveals the purest expression of Chardonnay. Salon says its wine comes from a single one-hectare plot called 'the Salon garden' and nineteen other small plots in Le Mesnil-sur-Oger. Taittinger says its Comtes de Champagne Blanc de Blancs ages for ten years in the Gallo-Roman chalk cellars of Saint-Nicaise.

• Champagne Salon is run alongside its sister house, Champagne Delamotte, according to Salon
• When Krug decides against making a Clos du Mesnil, the wine may instead go into the blends of Krug Grande Cuvée or Krug Rosé, the house says
• Decanter credits the Chétillon vineyard in Le Mesnil-sur-Oger with catapulting Pierre Péters' Les Chétillons to a fame few grower Champagnes attained during the 2000s
• Decanter's 2024 Côte des Blancs report lists Agrapart, Corbon, De Sousa and Jacques Selosse among the key producers of Avize

The INAO specification reserves AOC Champagne for white or rosé sparkling wines, and describes white Champagne as made from a blend of white and black grapes, from white grapes only (blanc de blancs) or from black grapes only (blanc de noirs). The 'grand cru' and 'premier cru' mentions attach to communes: the specification allows 'grand cru' for wines from grapes harvested in 17 named Marne communes and 'premier cru' for those 17 plus 42 further communes. The Comité Champagne explains that the Decree of 1 July 1952 introduced the terms, and that when the INAO scrapped the Champagne cru scale in 2010, communes that had held a 'grand cru' or 'premier cru' designation could retain it. Wines reach consumers only after at least fifteen months of ageing from tirage, and vintage wines after at least thirty-six months.

• The INAO specification forbids any harvesting method that does not allow whole bunches to be picked, and the grapes are transported whole to the press; the INAO describes Champagne as made from hand-harvested grapes
• A grape variety may be named on the label only if all the grapes used for the base wines come from that variety, apart from volumes used in authorised oenological practices and the tirage and dosage liqueurs, per the INAO specification
• The Comité Champagne classes a Champagne brut as containing less than 12 grams of sugar per litre, and a brut nature as containing less than 3 grams per litre with no added sugar
• In practice, the Comité Champagne says, maturation lasts 2-3 years for non-vintage wines and 4-10 years for vintage Champagne, beyond the statutory minimums

The Comité Champagne's wine trail around Épernay stops at Chouilly, with its Garden of Vines open-air museum; Cramant, with a panoramic look-out over the vineyards; and Le Mesnil-sur-Oger, which it calls a key destination in the Côte des Blancs growing area, with the Clos Saint-Vincent vineyard and views over the historic Clos du Mesnil. Decanter's travel guide notes that the six villages of Avize, Chouilly, Cramant, Le Mesnil-sur-Oger, Oger and Oiry are all included in the Champagne Trail driving tour, and that the Côte des Blancs section is manageable in a day or two.

• Épernay, where the trail begins, is 40 minutes from Reims, and its Avenue de Champagne is lined with Champagne Houses, per the Comité Champagne
• From Le Mont Aimé, near Bergères-lès-Vertus, visitors look out over the Champagne plains and the Côte des Blancs with its chalky soils
• The Champagne Trail driving tour covers more than 400km of signposted ways across the region, according to Decanter
• The Comité Champagne notes that the harvest used to start in September, but with climate change picking dates are starting increasingly earlier

Primary sources (Comité Champagne and INAO): https://www.champagne.fr/en/champagne-tasting/type-of-champagne/blanc-de-blancs, https://www.champagne.fr/en/about-champagne/a-great-blended-wine/champagne-and-its-grape-varieties, https://www.champagne.fr/en/about-champagne/a-great-blended-wine/the-champagne-region, https://www.champagne.fr/en/about-champagne/the-champagne-terroir/champagne-and-its-soil, https://www.champagne.fr/en/about-champagne/the-champagne-terroir/champagne-and-its-climate, https://www.inao.gouv.fr/produit/champagne-21054, https://extranet.inao.gouv.fr/fichier/pno-CDC-Champagne-cn260618.pdf, https://www.champagne.fr/en/champagne-frequently-asked-questions?nid=608, https://www.champagne.fr/en/about-champagne/how-champagne-is-made/dosage, https://www.champagne.fr/en/about-champagne/how-champagne-is-made/maturation, https://www.champagne.fr/en/visit-champagne/the-champagne-region/champagne-wine-trails/epernay-and-its-region. Producer sources (own sites, for each producer's own facts): https://www.krug.com/en-us/krug-clos-du-mesnil, https://www.champagne-salon.fr/en, https://www.taittinger.com/en/champagnes/comtes-de-champagne-blanc-de-blancs. Secondary sources: https://www.decanter.com/premium/champagne-report-2024-latest-releases-from-the-cote-des-blancs-533753/, https://www.decanter.com/wine/champagne/why-le-mesnil-sur-oger-yields-champagnes-of-mythical-renown/, https://www.decanter.com/wine-travel/france/cote-des-blancs-wineries-to-visit-417753/. Last verified 2026-09-24