{
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  "note": "Live paths only. Step keys are kind plus slug (article:gamay, guide:terroir, compare:barolo-vs-barbaresco, deeper:beaujolais). A deeper step hands off to a child path; its minutes are the child path total and do not count toward the parent. Each record carries verified, verifiedAt, verifiedSteps and totalSteps, computed at build. The tree is rooted in two groups, countries and fundamentals; every record carries its group (children inherit).",
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        {
          "slug": "france",
          "title": "France",
          "children": [
            {
              "slug": "champagne",
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              "children": []
            },
            {
              "slug": "alsace",
              "title": "Alsace",
              "children": []
            },
            {
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            {
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            {
              "slug": "margaret-river",
              "title": "Margaret River",
              "children": []
            }
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    {
      "slug": "alsace",
      "title": "Alsace",
      "tagline": "Three AOCs and 51 Grand Crus, the four noble grapes, Pinot Blanc, Crémant d'Alsace and three verified producers.",
      "level": "both",
      "parentPath": "france",
      "group": "countries",
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          "slug": "france",
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          "slug": "alsace",
          "title": "Alsace",
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        }
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          "kind": "article",
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          "order": 1,
          "slug": "alsace",
          "title": "Alsace",
          "url": "https://www.winewithseth.com/winewiki/alsace/",
          "minutes": 8,
          "why": "Start with the region, a narrow corridor between the Vosges and the Rhine making aromatic whites under three AOCs.",
          "focus": "The three AOCs, varietal labeling, and the Vendanges Tardives and Sélection de Grains Nobles categories."
        },
        {
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          "key": "article:alsace-grand-cru-aoc",
          "order": 2,
          "slug": "alsace-grand-cru-aoc",
          "title": "Alsace Grand Cru AOC",
          "url": "https://www.winewithseth.com/winewiki/alsace-grand-cru-aoc/",
          "minutes": 7,
          "why": "Next, the Grand Cru tier: 51 classified sites on the sub-Vosges hillsides, each named on the label.",
          "focus": "The Grand Cru rules: 55 hl/ha yields, minimum alcohol levels and the four noble varieties."
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        {
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          "key": "article:riesling",
          "order": 3,
          "slug": "riesling",
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          "url": "https://www.winewithseth.com/winewiki/riesling/",
          "minutes": 8,
          "why": "Meet the first noble grape, Riesling, which Alsace, sheltered by the Vosges, makes in riper and often drier styles.",
          "focus": null
        },
        {
          "kind": "article",
          "key": "article:gewurztraminer",
          "order": 4,
          "slug": "gewurztraminer",
          "title": "Gewürztraminer",
          "url": "https://www.winewithseth.com/winewiki/gewurztraminer/",
          "minutes": 10,
          "why": "Then Gewürztraminer, a pink-skinned, aromatic variety.",
          "focus": "The Alsace section on Vendanges Tardives and Sélection de Grains Nobles, the late-harvest designations introduced in 1984."
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          "title": "Riesling vs Gewurztraminer",
          "url": "https://www.winewithseth.com/winewiki/compare/riesling-vs-gewurztraminer/",
          "minutes": 7,
          "why": "Set Riesling and Gewürztraminer side by side: origins, climate, regions, flavor, structure and the foods each pairs with, from delicate fish to Munster and spiced dishes.",
          "focus": null,
          "subjects": [
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              "slug": "riesling",
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          "order": 6,
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          "title": "Pinot Gris / Pinot Grigio",
          "url": "https://www.winewithseth.com/winewiki/pinot-gris-pinot-grigio/",
          "minutes": 12,
          "why": "The third noble grape, Pinot Gris, which Alsace makes richer and fuller-bodied than Italian Pinot Grigio.",
          "focus": null
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        {
          "kind": "article",
          "key": "article:muscat",
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          "slug": "muscat",
          "title": "Muscat Blanc à Petits Grains",
          "url": "https://www.winewithseth.com/winewiki/muscat/",
          "minutes": 8,
          "why": "The fourth, Muscat Blanc à Petits Grains, which reaches its northern limit in Alsace as a dry, highly aromatic white.",
          "focus": null
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        {
          "kind": "article",
          "key": "article:pinot-blanc",
          "order": 8,
          "slug": "pinot-blanc",
          "title": "Pinot Blanc",
          "url": "https://www.winewithseth.com/winewiki/pinot-blanc/",
          "minutes": 8,
          "why": "Step outside the noble four to Pinot Blanc, Alsace's everyday dry white, often blended with Auxerrois.",
          "focus": null
        },
        {
          "kind": "article",
          "key": "article:cremant-dalsace-aoc",
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          "slug": "cremant-dalsace-aoc",
          "title": "Crémant d'Alsace AOC",
          "url": "https://www.winewithseth.com/winewiki/cremant-dalsace-aoc/",
          "minutes": 8,
          "why": "Then Crémant d'Alsace, the traditional-method sparkling AOC established in 1976, led by Pinot Blanc and Auxerrois.",
          "focus": "Its share of Alsace production and the minimum nine months on lees."
        },
        {
          "kind": "article",
          "key": "article:maison-trimbach",
          "order": 10,
          "slug": "maison-trimbach",
          "title": "Maison Trimbach",
          "url": "https://www.winewithseth.com/winewiki/maison-trimbach/",
          "minutes": 6,
          "why": "Now producers: a Ribeauvillé family house where Riesling is half of production, including Clos Sainte Hune from the Rosacker Grand Cru.",
          "focus": null
        },
        {
          "kind": "article",
          "key": "article:domaine-zind-humbrecht",
          "order": 11,
          "slug": "domaine-zind-humbrecht",
          "title": "Domaine Zind-Humbrecht",
          "url": "https://www.winewithseth.com/winewiki/domaine-zind-humbrecht/",
          "minutes": 9,
          "why": "A biodynamic domaine farming 42 hectares across six Grand Crus, making Riesling, Pinot Gris, Gewurztraminer and Muscat.",
          "focus": null
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        {
          "kind": "article",
          "key": "article:domaine-weinbach",
          "order": 12,
          "slug": "domaine-weinbach",
          "title": "Domaine Weinbach",
          "url": "https://www.winewithseth.com/winewiki/domaine-weinbach/",
          "minutes": 6,
          "why": "Finish with a domaine built by Capuchin monks in 1612, farmed biodynamically since 2005, with the walled Clos des Capucins and four Grand Crus.",
          "focus": null
        }
      ],
      "children": [],
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    {
      "slug": "australia",
      "title": "Australia",
      "tagline": "Nine regions from Barossa to Tasmania, six grapes and two verified Barossa producers.",
      "level": "both",
      "parentPath": null,
      "group": "countries",
      "groupCrumb": {
        "title": "Countries",
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          "slug": "australia",
          "title": "Australia",
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      "hubSlug": "australia",
      "hubUrl": "https://www.winewithseth.com/winewiki/australia/",
      "minutes": 197,
      "stepCount": 24,
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          "kind": "article",
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          "order": 1,
          "slug": "australia",
          "title": "Australia: Geographical Indications, Regions and Grapes",
          "url": "https://www.winewithseth.com/winewiki/australia/",
          "minutes": 12,
          "why": "Start with the country and its geographical indications, from zones down to sub-regions.",
          "focus": "The GI system section, which the region steps below sit inside."
        },
        {
          "kind": "article",
          "key": "article:barossa-valley",
          "order": 2,
          "slug": "barossa-valley",
          "title": "Barossa Valley",
          "url": "https://www.winewithseth.com/winewiki/barossa-valley/",
          "minutes": 10,
          "why": "Begin in South Australia with the Barossa Valley and its old-vine Shiraz.",
          "focus": null
        },
        {
          "kind": "deeper",
          "key": "deeper:barossa",
          "order": 3,
          "slug": "barossa",
          "title": "Barossa",
          "url": "https://www.winewithseth.com/winewiki/paths/barossa/",
          "minutes": 116,
          "why": "Go deeper into the Barossa: Eden Valley, the Old Vine Charter, its grapes and producers.",
          "focus": null,
          "stepCount": 15,
          "readingSteps": 15,
          "startUrl": "https://www.winewithseth.com/winewiki/barossa-valley/?path=barossa"
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          "key": "article:eden-valley",
          "order": 4,
          "slug": "eden-valley",
          "title": "Eden Valley",
          "url": "https://www.winewithseth.com/winewiki/eden-valley/",
          "minutes": 8,
          "why": "Climb to Eden Valley on the eastern ridge, a cool-climate GI in the Barossa Zone.",
          "focus": null
        },
        {
          "kind": "article",
          "key": "article:clare-valley",
          "order": 5,
          "slug": "clare-valley",
          "title": "Clare Valley",
          "url": "https://www.winewithseth.com/winewiki/clare-valley/",
          "minutes": 8,
          "why": "North to the Clare Valley, known for dry Riesling.",
          "focus": null
        },
        {
          "kind": "article",
          "key": "article:mclaren-vale",
          "order": 6,
          "slug": "mclaren-vale",
          "title": "McLaren Vale",
          "url": "https://www.winewithseth.com/winewiki/mclaren-vale/",
          "minutes": 10,
          "why": "South of Adelaide to McLaren Vale, with old-vine Shiraz and bush-vine Grenache.",
          "focus": null
        },
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          "key": "compare:barossa-valley-vs-mclaren-vale",
          "order": 7,
          "slug": "barossa-valley-vs-mclaren-vale",
          "title": "Barossa Valley vs McLaren Vale",
          "url": "https://www.winewithseth.com/winewiki/compare/barossa-valley-vs-mclaren-vale/",
          "minutes": 9,
          "why": "Set Barossa Valley and McLaren Vale side by side: climate, soil, key grapes, old vines and wine style.",
          "focus": null,
          "subjects": [
            {
              "slug": "barossa-valley",
              "title": "Barossa Valley",
              "url": "https://www.winewithseth.com/winewiki/barossa-valley/"
            },
            {
              "slug": "mclaren-vale",
              "title": "McLaren Vale",
              "url": "https://www.winewithseth.com/winewiki/mclaren-vale/"
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          "order": 8,
          "slug": "coonawarra",
          "title": "Coonawarra",
          "url": "https://www.winewithseth.com/winewiki/coonawarra/",
          "minutes": 10,
          "why": "To the Limestone Coast and Coonawarra, Cabernet on terra rossa over limestone.",
          "focus": null
        },
        {
          "kind": "article",
          "key": "article:yarra-valley",
          "order": 9,
          "slug": "yarra-valley",
          "title": "Yarra Valley",
          "url": "https://www.winewithseth.com/winewiki/yarra-valley/",
          "minutes": 10,
          "why": "Cross into Victoria and the Yarra Valley, with cool-climate Pinot Noir and Chardonnay.",
          "focus": null
        },
        {
          "kind": "article",
          "key": "article:tasmania",
          "order": 10,
          "slug": "tasmania",
          "title": "Tasmania",
          "url": "https://www.winewithseth.com/winewiki/tasmania/",
          "minutes": 9,
          "why": "South across the Bass Strait to Tasmania, Australia's coolest wine state.",
          "focus": null
        },
        {
          "kind": "article",
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          "order": 11,
          "slug": "hunter-valley",
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          "url": "https://www.winewithseth.com/winewiki/hunter-valley/",
          "minutes": 10,
          "why": "North to New South Wales and the Hunter Valley, home of bottle-aged Sémillon.",
          "focus": null
        },
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          "order": 12,
          "slug": "margaret-river",
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          "url": "https://www.winewithseth.com/winewiki/margaret-river/",
          "minutes": 10,
          "why": "Finish the regions in Western Australia with Margaret River.",
          "focus": null
        },
        {
          "kind": "deeper",
          "key": "deeper:margaret-river",
          "order": 13,
          "slug": "margaret-river",
          "title": "Margaret River",
          "url": "https://www.winewithseth.com/winewiki/paths/margaret-river/",
          "minutes": 108,
          "why": "Go deeper into Margaret River: Cabernet and the Bordeaux blend, Chardonnay, Sémillon and Sauvignon Blanc.",
          "focus": null,
          "stepCount": 12,
          "readingSteps": 12,
          "startUrl": "https://www.winewithseth.com/winewiki/margaret-river/?path=margaret-river"
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          "kind": "compare",
          "key": "compare:margaret-river-vs-coonawarra",
          "order": 14,
          "slug": "margaret-river-vs-coonawarra",
          "title": "Margaret River vs Coonawarra",
          "url": "https://www.winewithseth.com/winewiki/compare/margaret-river-vs-coonawarra/",
          "minutes": 8,
          "why": "Set Margaret River and Coonawarra side by side: climate, soil, key grapes, wine style and aging potential.",
          "focus": null,
          "subjects": [
            {
              "slug": "margaret-river",
              "title": "Margaret River",
              "url": "https://www.winewithseth.com/winewiki/margaret-river/"
            },
            {
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              "title": "Coonawarra",
              "url": "https://www.winewithseth.com/winewiki/coonawarra/"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "kind": "article",
          "key": "article:syrah-shiraz",
          "order": 15,
          "slug": "syrah-shiraz",
          "title": "Syrah / Shiraz",
          "url": "https://www.winewithseth.com/winewiki/syrah-shiraz/",
          "minutes": 11,
          "why": "Now the grapes, starting with Shiraz, the name Australia uses for Syrah.",
          "focus": null
        },
        {
          "kind": "article",
          "key": "article:cabernet-sauvignon",
          "order": 16,
          "slug": "cabernet-sauvignon",
          "title": "Cabernet Sauvignon",
          "url": "https://www.winewithseth.com/winewiki/cabernet-sauvignon/",
          "minutes": 10,
          "why": "Cabernet Sauvignon, seen in Coonawarra and Margaret River.",
          "focus": null
        },
        {
          "kind": "compare",
          "key": "compare:syrah-vs-cabernet-sauvignon",
          "order": 17,
          "slug": "syrah-vs-cabernet-sauvignon",
          "title": "Syrah vs Cabernet Sauvignon",
          "url": "https://www.winewithseth.com/winewiki/compare/syrah-vs-cabernet-sauvignon/",
          "minutes": 8,
          "why": "Compare Syrah and Cabernet Sauvignon on origins, climate, flavor, structure and aging potential.",
          "focus": null,
          "subjects": [
            {
              "slug": "syrah-shiraz",
              "title": "Syrah / Shiraz",
              "url": "https://www.winewithseth.com/winewiki/syrah-shiraz/"
            },
            {
              "slug": "cabernet-sauvignon",
              "title": "Cabernet Sauvignon",
              "url": "https://www.winewithseth.com/winewiki/cabernet-sauvignon/"
            }
          ]
        },
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          "kind": "article",
          "key": "article:chardonnay",
          "order": 18,
          "slug": "chardonnay",
          "title": "Chardonnay",
          "url": "https://www.winewithseth.com/winewiki/chardonnay/",
          "minutes": 8,
          "why": "Chardonnay, with Margaret River, the Adelaide Hills and the Hunter Valley among the Australian regions it covers.",
          "focus": null
        },
        {
          "kind": "article",
          "key": "article:riesling",
          "order": 19,
          "slug": "riesling",
          "title": "Riesling",
          "url": "https://www.winewithseth.com/winewiki/riesling/",
          "minutes": 8,
          "why": "Riesling, the white of Clare and Eden Valley.",
          "focus": null
        },
        {
          "kind": "article",
          "key": "article:semillon",
          "order": 20,
          "slug": "semillon",
          "title": "Sémillon",
          "url": "https://www.winewithseth.com/winewiki/semillon/",
          "minutes": 8,
          "why": "Sémillon, the grape behind the Hunter Valley style.",
          "focus": null
        },
        {
          "kind": "article",
          "key": "article:grenache-garnacha",
          "order": 21,
          "slug": "grenache-garnacha",
          "title": "Grenache / Garnacha",
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          "why": "Now producers: a family-owned Barossa winery founded in 1849.",
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          "why": "A Barossa producer founded in 1994, making Rhône-inspired wines from old dry-grown vines.",
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          "why": "Seppeltsfield, established in 1851, which keeps a single vintage Tawny from every year since 1878.",
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          "why": "Finish in Eden Valley with Hill of Grace, Henschke's single-vineyard Shiraz from own-rooted vines, the oldest planted around 1860.",
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          "why": "Continue to Fleurie and its silky, floral Gamay from pink granite.",
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          "why": "Finish on the slopes of Mont Brouilly itself, where volcanic diorite shapes Côte de Brouilly.",
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          "minutes": 8,
          "why": "Primary aromas come from the grape and alcoholic fermentation, and the grape-derived ones are why varieties smell distinct from one another.",
          "focus": null
        },
        {
          "kind": "article",
          "key": "article:secondary-aromas-from-fermentation",
          "order": 6,
          "slug": "secondary-aromas-from-fermentation",
          "title": "Secondary Aromas: Lees, Malolactic and Oak",
          "url": "https://www.winewithseth.com/winewiki/secondary-aromas-from-fermentation/",
          "minutes": 8,
          "why": "Secondary aromas come from post-fermentation winemaking: yeast lees, malolactic conversion and oak, with the buttery note of malolactic linked to diacetyl.",
          "focus": null
        },
        {
          "kind": "article",
          "key": "article:tertiary-aromas-bouquet",
          "order": 7,
          "slug": "tertiary-aromas-bouquet",
          "title": "Tertiary Aromas / Bouquet: The Aromas of Maturation",
          "url": "https://www.winewithseth.com/winewiki/tertiary-aromas-bouquet/",
          "minutes": 8,
          "why": "Tertiary aromas develop with age in barrel or bottle: leather, tobacco, dried fruit.",
          "focus": null
        },
        {
          "kind": "article",
          "key": "article:wine-structure",
          "order": 8,
          "slug": "wine-structure",
          "title": "Wine Structure",
          "url": "https://www.winewithseth.com/winewiki/wine-structure/",
          "minutes": 8,
          "why": "Then the palate's framework: sweetness, acidity, tannin, alcohol, body and finish.",
          "focus": null
        },
        {
          "kind": "article",
          "key": "article:tannin-structure-in-red-wine",
          "order": 9,
          "slug": "tannin-structure-in-red-wine",
          "title": "Tannin Structure in Red Wine",
          "url": "https://www.winewithseth.com/winewiki/tannin-structure-in-red-wine/",
          "minutes": 8,
          "why": "A closer look at tannin, the drying, gripping part of a red wine's structure, rated from low to high.",
          "focus": null
        },
        {
          "kind": "article",
          "key": "article:body-in-wine",
          "order": 10,
          "slug": "body-in-wine",
          "title": "Body in Wine",
          "url": "https://www.winewithseth.com/winewiki/body-in-wine/",
          "minutes": 4,
          "why": "How heavy or light a wine feels in the mouth, built mainly from alcohol and extract and scored from light to full in systematic tasting.",
          "focus": null
        },
        {
          "kind": "article",
          "key": "article:alcohol-as-structural-element",
          "order": 11,
          "slug": "alcohol-as-structural-element",
          "title": "Alcohol as a Structural Element",
          "url": "https://www.winewithseth.com/winewiki/alcohol-as-structural-element/",
          "minutes": 4,
          "why": "How alcohol shapes a wine's warmth, weight, and sense of sweetness, and how tasters judge it in the glass.",
          "focus": null
        },
        {
          "kind": "article",
          "key": "article:finish-length-persistence",
          "order": 12,
          "slug": "finish-length-persistence",
          "title": "Finish / Length / Persistence",
          "url": "https://www.winewithseth.com/winewiki/finish-length-persistence/",
          "minutes": 7,
          "why": "Finish: how long flavor lingers after swallowing, one of the four quality pillars in the WSET framework.",
          "focus": null
        },
        {
          "kind": "article",
          "key": "article:wine-faults",
          "order": 13,
          "slug": "wine-faults",
          "title": "Wine Faults",
          "url": "https://www.winewithseth.com/winewiki/wine-faults/",
          "minutes": 8,
          "why": "Rule out faults before judging quality, from cork taint to Brettanomyces and volatile acidity.",
          "focus": null
        },
        {
          "kind": "article",
          "key": "article:cms-deductive-tasting-method",
          "order": 14,
          "slug": "cms-deductive-tasting-method",
          "title": "Court of Master Sommeliers Deductive Tasting Method",
          "url": "https://www.winewithseth.com/winewiki/cms-deductive-tasting-method/",
          "minutes": 9,
          "why": "The Court of Master Sommeliers' deductive method builds the evidence into a climate and grape hypothesis, then a final conclusion.",
          "focus": null
        },
        {
          "kind": "article",
          "key": "article:cabernet-sauvignon",
          "order": 15,
          "slug": "cabernet-sauvignon",
          "title": "Cabernet Sauvignon",
          "url": "https://www.winewithseth.com/winewiki/cabernet-sauvignon/",
          "minutes": 10,
          "why": "Now the benchmark reds, starting with Cabernet Sauvignon: high tannins, firm acidity and dark cassis fruit.",
          "focus": null
        },
        {
          "kind": "article",
          "key": "article:pinot-noir",
          "order": 16,
          "slug": "pinot-noir",
          "title": "Pinot Noir",
          "url": "https://www.winewithseth.com/winewiki/pinot-noir/",
          "minutes": 8,
          "why": "Pinot Noir at the other end: thin skins, moderate to high acidity and low tannins.",
          "focus": null
        },
        {
          "kind": "article",
          "key": "article:syrah-shiraz",
          "order": 17,
          "slug": "syrah-shiraz",
          "title": "Syrah / Shiraz",
          "url": "https://www.winewithseth.com/winewiki/syrah-shiraz/",
          "minutes": 11,
          "why": "Syrah, where cool-climate examples carry a peppery note from rotundone.",
          "focus": null
        },
        {
          "kind": "article",
          "key": "article:nebbiolo",
          "order": 18,
          "slug": "nebbiolo",
          "title": "Nebbiolo",
          "url": "https://www.winewithseth.com/winewiki/nebbiolo/",
          "minutes": 9,
          "why": "Nebbiolo, high in both tannin and acid.",
          "focus": null
        },
        {
          "kind": "article",
          "key": "article:sangiovese",
          "order": 19,
          "slug": "sangiovese",
          "title": "Sangiovese",
          "url": "https://www.winewithseth.com/winewiki/sangiovese/",
          "minutes": 9,
          "why": "Sangiovese: vibrant acidity, firm tannins and red cherry.",
          "focus": null
        },
        {
          "kind": "article",
          "key": "article:tempranillo",
          "order": 20,
          "slug": "tempranillo",
          "title": "Tempranillo",
          "url": "https://www.winewithseth.com/winewiki/tempranillo/",
          "minutes": 6,
          "why": "Tempranillo, relatively low in natural acidity, developing leather and tobacco with bottle age.",
          "focus": null
        },
        {
          "kind": "article",
          "key": "article:riesling",
          "order": 21,
          "slug": "riesling",
          "title": "Riesling",
          "url": "https://www.winewithseth.com/winewiki/riesling/",
          "minutes": 8,
          "why": "The whites begin with Riesling: naturally high acidity and a petrol note with bottle age.",
          "focus": null
        },
        {
          "kind": "article",
          "key": "article:sauvignon-blanc",
          "order": 22,
          "slug": "sauvignon-blanc",
          "title": "Sauvignon Blanc",
          "url": "https://www.winewithseth.com/winewiki/sauvignon-blanc/",
          "minutes": 10,
          "why": "Sauvignon Blanc: crisp acidity and herbaceous aromas driven by methoxypyrazines and thiols.",
          "focus": null
        },
        {
          "kind": "article",
          "key": "article:chardonnay",
          "order": 23,
          "slug": "chardonnay",
          "title": "Chardonnay",
          "url": "https://www.winewithseth.com/winewiki/chardonnay/",
          "minutes": 8,
          "why": "Chardonnay, whose relatively neutral fruit makes it responsive to oak aging and malolactic fermentation.",
          "focus": null
        },
        {
          "kind": "article",
          "key": "article:chenin-blanc",
          "order": 24,
          "slug": "chenin-blanc",
          "title": "Chenin Blanc",
          "url": "https://www.winewithseth.com/winewiki/chenin-blanc/",
          "minutes": 10,
          "why": "Chenin Blanc, high in acid and made in styles from bone-dry to botrytized sweet.",
          "focus": null
        }
      ],
      "children": [],
      "related": [
        "wine-101",
        "terroir",
        "winemaking"
      ],
      "articleUrl": "https://www.winewithseth.com/winewiki/paths/blind-tasting/",
      "dataUrl": "https://www.winewithseth.com/winewiki/paths/data/blind-tasting.json",
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      },
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    },
    {
      "slug": "bordeaux",
      "title": "Bordeaux",
      "tagline": "Left Bank and Right Bank, the 1855 and Saint-Émilion classifications, Sauternes, Cabernet Sauvignon, Merlot and one verified producer.",
      "level": "both",
      "parentPath": "france",
      "group": "countries",
      "groupCrumb": {
        "title": "Countries",
        "url": "https://www.winewithseth.com/winewiki/paths/#countries"
      },
      "breadcrumb": [
        {
          "slug": "france",
          "title": "France",
          "url": "https://www.winewithseth.com/winewiki/paths/france/"
        },
        {
          "slug": "bordeaux",
          "title": "Bordeaux",
          "url": "https://www.winewithseth.com/winewiki/paths/bordeaux/"
        }
      ],
      "hubSlug": "bordeaux",
      "hubUrl": "https://www.winewithseth.com/winewiki/bordeaux/",
      "minutes": 138,
      "stepCount": 16,
      "readingSteps": 16,
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      "verifiedAt": "2026-09-29",
      "verifiedSteps": 16,
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        {
          "kind": "article",
          "key": "article:bordeaux",
          "order": 1,
          "slug": "bordeaux",
          "title": "Bordeaux",
          "url": "https://www.winewithseth.com/winewiki/bordeaux/",
          "minutes": 10,
          "why": "Start with the region on the Gironde estuary: about 110,000 hectares, 65 appellations, and a split between Left Bank Cabernet Sauvignon and Right Bank Merlot.",
          "focus": "The two classifications and the bank split, then the vintage weather series linked from this page."
        },
        {
          "kind": "article",
          "key": "article:1855-classification",
          "order": 2,
          "slug": "1855-classification",
          "title": "1855 Classification",
          "url": "https://www.winewithseth.com/winewiki/1855-classification/",
          "minutes": 8,
          "why": "Next, the 1855 Classification, which ranked Left Bank red châteaux into five growths on selling prices from 1815 to 1855.",
          "focus": "The five tiers, and the only two changes made since."
        },
        {
          "kind": "article",
          "key": "article:left-bank-bordeaux",
          "order": 3,
          "slug": "left-bank-bordeaux",
          "title": "Left Bank Bordeaux",
          "url": "https://www.winewithseth.com/winewiki/left-bank-bordeaux/",
          "minutes": 7,
          "why": "Begin on the Left Bank, the western side of the Gironde, where deep gravel soils carry Cabernet Sauvignon-led blends.",
          "focus": null
        },
        {
          "kind": "article",
          "key": "article:medoc",
          "order": 4,
          "slug": "medoc",
          "title": "Médoc",
          "url": "https://www.winewithseth.com/winewiki/medoc/",
          "minutes": 8,
          "why": "Then the Médoc, the gravel peninsula north of Bordeaux city that holds 60 of the 61 classified red châteaux.",
          "focus": "The Médoc and Haut-Médoc AOCs and the four classified communes."
        },
        {
          "kind": "article",
          "key": "article:pauillac",
          "order": 5,
          "slug": "pauillac",
          "title": "Pauillac",
          "url": "https://www.winewithseth.com/winewiki/pauillac/",
          "minutes": 8,
          "why": "In Pauillac, three of the five First Growths share about 1,200 hectares of deep gravel along the estuary.",
          "focus": null
        },
        {
          "kind": "article",
          "key": "article:margaux",
          "order": 6,
          "slug": "margaux",
          "title": "Margaux",
          "url": "https://www.winewithseth.com/winewiki/margaux/",
          "minutes": 9,
          "why": "Margaux, the southernmost communal appellation of the Haut-Médoc, holds 21 classified growths across four communes.",
          "focus": null
        },
        {
          "kind": "article",
          "key": "article:pessac-leognan",
          "order": 7,
          "slug": "pessac-leognan",
          "title": "Pessac-Léognan",
          "url": "https://www.winewithseth.com/winewiki/pessac-leognan/",
          "minutes": 7,
          "why": "Immediately south of Bordeaux city, Pessac-Léognan makes red and dry white wine and holds Château Haut-Brion, the only 1855 estate outside the Médoc.",
          "focus": "The 1953/59 Graves Classification and its 14 châteaux."
        },
        {
          "kind": "article",
          "key": "article:sauternes",
          "order": 8,
          "slug": "sauternes",
          "title": "Sauternes",
          "url": "https://www.winewithseth.com/winewiki/sauternes/",
          "minutes": 9,
          "why": "In the southern Graves, Sauternes makes only sweet whites, from grapes concentrated by noble rot.",
          "focus": "The 1855 sweet wine ladder, from Château d'Yquem as Premier Cru Supérieur through the Premiers and Deuxièmes Crus."
        },
        {
          "kind": "article",
          "key": "article:right-bank-bordeaux",
          "order": 9,
          "slug": "right-bank-bordeaux",
          "title": "Right Bank Bordeaux",
          "url": "https://www.winewithseth.com/winewiki/right-bank-bordeaux/",
          "minutes": 7,
          "why": "Now the Right Bank, the Libournais appellations built mainly on Merlot and Cabernet Franc.",
          "focus": null
        },
        {
          "kind": "compare",
          "key": "compare:left-bank-vs-right-bank-bordeaux",
          "order": 10,
          "slug": "left-bank-vs-right-bank-bordeaux",
          "title": "Left Bank vs Right Bank Bordeaux",
          "url": "https://www.winewithseth.com/winewiki/compare/left-bank-vs-right-bank-bordeaux/",
          "minutes": 7,
          "why": "Set the two banks side by side: soils, grapes, style, classification systems and aging potential.",
          "focus": null,
          "subjects": [
            {
              "slug": "left-bank-bordeaux",
              "title": "Left Bank Bordeaux",
              "url": "https://www.winewithseth.com/winewiki/left-bank-bordeaux/"
            },
            {
              "slug": "right-bank-bordeaux",
              "title": "Right Bank Bordeaux",
              "url": "https://www.winewithseth.com/winewiki/right-bank-bordeaux/"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "kind": "article",
          "key": "article:saint-emilion",
          "order": 11,
          "slug": "saint-emilion",
          "title": "Saint-Émilion",
          "url": "https://www.winewithseth.com/winewiki/saint-emilion/",
          "minutes": 10,
          "why": "Saint-Émilion, the principal Right Bank appellation, covers about 5,400 hectares across nine communes east of Libourne.",
          "focus": null
        },
        {
          "kind": "article",
          "key": "article:saint-emilion-classification",
          "order": 12,
          "slug": "saint-emilion-classification",
          "title": "Saint-Émilion Classification",
          "url": "https://www.winewithseth.com/winewiki/saint-emilion-classification/",
          "minutes": 8,
          "why": "Its classification, first set in 1955 and revised about every decade, ranks estates in A, B and Grand Cru Classé tiers, unlike the static 1855 list.",
          "focus": "The 2022 revision and the three estates that withdrew."
        },
        {
          "kind": "article",
          "key": "article:pomerol",
          "order": 13,
          "slug": "pomerol",
          "title": "Pomerol",
          "url": "https://www.winewithseth.com/winewiki/pomerol/",
          "minutes": 9,
          "why": "Pomerol, about 800 hectares near Libourne, has no official classification and grows Merlot on clay, gravel and iron-rich crasse de fer.",
          "focus": null
        },
        {
          "kind": "article",
          "key": "article:cabernet-sauvignon",
          "order": 14,
          "slug": "cabernet-sauvignon",
          "title": "Cabernet Sauvignon",
          "url": "https://www.winewithseth.com/winewiki/cabernet-sauvignon/",
          "minutes": 10,
          "why": "Meet Cabernet Sauvignon, thick-skinned and high in tannin, a Cabernet Franc and Sauvignon Blanc cross that arose in 17th-century Bordeaux.",
          "focus": null
        },
        {
          "kind": "article",
          "key": "article:merlot",
          "order": 15,
          "slug": "merlot",
          "title": "Merlot",
          "url": "https://www.winewithseth.com/winewiki/merlot/",
          "minutes": 9,
          "why": "Then Merlot, thin-skinned and plush, the grape anchoring Right Bank Bordeaux and another Cabernet Franc offspring.",
          "focus": null
        },
        {
          "kind": "article",
          "key": "article:chateau-latour",
          "order": 16,
          "slug": "chateau-latour",
          "title": "Château Latour",
          "url": "https://www.winewithseth.com/winewiki/chateau-latour/",
          "minutes": 12,
          "why": "Now a producer: a Pauillac First Growth making three Cabernet Sauvignon-based reds from 96.5 hectares.",
          "focus": null
        }
      ],
      "children": [],
      "related": [
        "france"
      ],
      "articleUrl": "https://www.winewithseth.com/winewiki/paths/bordeaux/",
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    },
    {
      "slug": "burgundy",
      "title": "Burgundy",
      "tagline": "Chablis to the Mâconnais, the four-tier climat ladder, Pinot Noir, Chardonnay and Aligoté, and three verified producers.",
      "level": "both",
      "parentPath": "france",
      "group": "countries",
      "groupCrumb": {
        "title": "Countries",
        "url": "https://www.winewithseth.com/winewiki/paths/#countries"
      },
      "breadcrumb": [
        {
          "slug": "france",
          "title": "France",
          "url": "https://www.winewithseth.com/winewiki/paths/france/"
        },
        {
          "slug": "burgundy",
          "title": "Burgundy",
          "url": "https://www.winewithseth.com/winewiki/paths/burgundy/"
        }
      ],
      "hubSlug": "burgundy",
      "hubUrl": "https://www.winewithseth.com/winewiki/burgundy/",
      "minutes": 102,
      "stepCount": 14,
      "readingSteps": 14,
      "verified": true,
      "verifiedAt": "2026-09-29",
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      "steps": [
        {
          "kind": "article",
          "key": "article:burgundy",
          "order": 1,
          "slug": "burgundy",
          "title": "Burgundy (Bourgogne)",
          "url": "https://www.winewithseth.com/winewiki/burgundy/",
          "minutes": 10,
          "why": "Start with the region: about 30,000 hectares in east-central France, 84 AOCs and 1,247 registered climats.",
          "focus": "The six sub-regions and the four-tier hierarchy, then the vintage weather series linked from this page."
        },
        {
          "kind": "article",
          "key": "article:burgundy-wine-classification",
          "order": 2,
          "slug": "burgundy-wine-classification",
          "title": "Burgundy Wine Classification",
          "url": "https://www.winewithseth.com/winewiki/burgundy-wine-classification/",
          "minutes": 7,
          "why": "Next, the four tiers, Grand Cru, Premier Cru, Village and Regional, which classify the vineyard rather than the producer.",
          "focus": "How each tier reads on a label, and how Chablis runs its own version."
        },
        {
          "kind": "article",
          "key": "article:chablis",
          "order": 3,
          "slug": "chablis",
          "title": "Chablis",
          "url": "https://www.winewithseth.com/winewiki/chablis/",
          "minutes": 8,
          "why": "Begin the sub-regions in Chablis, the northernmost zone, where only Chardonnay grows, much of it on Kimmeridgian limestone.",
          "focus": "The four tiers from Petit Chablis to the seven Grand Cru climats."
        },
        {
          "kind": "article",
          "key": "article:cote-de-nuits",
          "order": 4,
          "slug": "cote-de-nuits",
          "title": "Côte de Nuits",
          "url": "https://www.winewithseth.com/winewiki/cote-de-nuits/",
          "minutes": 7,
          "why": "Then the Côte de Nuits, the northern half of the Côte d'Or, planted about 95 percent to Pinot Noir.",
          "focus": "The eight village AOCs and where the 24 Grand Crus sit."
        },
        {
          "kind": "article",
          "key": "article:cote-de-beaune",
          "order": 5,
          "slug": "cote-de-beaune",
          "title": "Côte de Beaune",
          "url": "https://www.winewithseth.com/winewiki/cote-de-beaune/",
          "minutes": 6,
          "why": "Continue to the Côte de Beaune, the southern half of the escarpment, for Chardonnay and Pinot Noir around the Montrachet and Corton hills.",
          "focus": null
        },
        {
          "kind": "compare",
          "key": "compare:cote-de-nuits-vs-cote-de-beaune",
          "order": 6,
          "slug": "cote-de-nuits-vs-cote-de-beaune",
          "title": "Cote de Nuits vs Cote de Beaune",
          "url": "https://www.winewithseth.com/winewiki/compare/cote-de-nuits-vs-cote-de-beaune/",
          "minutes": 7,
          "why": "Set the two halves of the Côte d'Or side by side: grapes, soils, style, Grand Crus and aging.",
          "focus": null,
          "subjects": [
            {
              "slug": "cote-de-nuits",
              "title": "Côte de Nuits",
              "url": "https://www.winewithseth.com/winewiki/cote-de-nuits/"
            },
            {
              "slug": "cote-de-beaune",
              "title": "Côte de Beaune",
              "url": "https://www.winewithseth.com/winewiki/cote-de-beaune/"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "kind": "article",
          "key": "article:cote-chalonnaise",
          "order": 7,
          "slug": "cote-chalonnaise",
          "title": "Côte Chalonnaise",
          "url": "https://www.winewithseth.com/winewiki/cote-chalonnaise/",
          "minutes": 5,
          "why": "Immediately south of the Côte d'Or, the Côte Chalonnaise has five village AOCs and no Grand Cru.",
          "focus": null
        },
        {
          "kind": "article",
          "key": "article:maconnais",
          "order": 8,
          "slug": "maconnais",
          "title": "Mâconnais",
          "url": "https://www.winewithseth.com/winewiki/maconnais/",
          "minutes": 10,
          "why": "The Mâconnais, the southern sub-region and the warmest, is about 85 percent Chardonnay and gained its first Premier Crus in Pouilly-Fuissé in 2020.",
          "focus": null
        },
        {
          "kind": "article",
          "key": "article:pinot-noir",
          "order": 9,
          "slug": "pinot-noir",
          "title": "Pinot Noir",
          "url": "https://www.winewithseth.com/winewiki/pinot-noir/",
          "minutes": 8,
          "why": "Meet the black grape, thin-skinned Pinot Noir, first written down in 1375 per the BIVB and known as an interpreter of terroir.",
          "focus": null
        },
        {
          "kind": "article",
          "key": "article:chardonnay",
          "order": 10,
          "slug": "chardonnay",
          "title": "Chardonnay",
          "url": "https://www.winewithseth.com/winewiki/chardonnay/",
          "minutes": 8,
          "why": "Then Chardonnay, which originated in Burgundy and runs from lean, mineral Chablis to richly textured Meursault.",
          "focus": null
        },
        {
          "kind": "article",
          "key": "article:aligote",
          "order": 11,
          "slug": "aligote",
          "title": "Aligoté",
          "url": "https://www.winewithseth.com/winewiki/aligote/",
          "minutes": 6,
          "why": "Close the grapes with Aligoté, Burgundy's secondary white, which has its own village AOC at Bouzeron.",
          "focus": null
        },
        {
          "kind": "article",
          "key": "article:domaine-rousseau",
          "order": 12,
          "slug": "domaine-rousseau",
          "title": "Domaine Armand Rousseau",
          "url": "https://www.winewithseth.com/winewiki/domaine-rousseau/",
          "minutes": 6,
          "why": "Now producers: a Gevrey-Chambertin family domaine making only Pinot Noir, with 8.51 of its 15.33 hectares in Grand Cru.",
          "focus": null
        },
        {
          "kind": "article",
          "key": "article:domaine-leflaive",
          "order": 13,
          "slug": "domaine-leflaive",
          "title": "Domaine Leflaive",
          "url": "https://www.winewithseth.com/winewiki/domaine-leflaive/",
          "minutes": 8,
          "why": "In the Côte de Beaune, a Puligny-Montrachet domaine with 4.8 hectares of Grands Crus, biodynamic since 1996.",
          "focus": null
        },
        {
          "kind": "article",
          "key": "article:domaine-raveneau",
          "order": 14,
          "slug": "domaine-raveneau",
          "title": "Domaine François Raveneau",
          "url": "https://www.winewithseth.com/winewiki/domaine-raveneau/",
          "minutes": 6,
          "why": "Finish in Chablis with a family domaine founded in 1948, holding Grand Cru vines in Les Clos, Valmur and Blanchot.",
          "focus": null
        }
      ],
      "children": [],
      "related": [
        "france"
      ],
      "articleUrl": "https://www.winewithseth.com/winewiki/paths/burgundy/",
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    },
    {
      "slug": "champagne",
      "title": "Champagne",
      "tagline": "Four sub-regions, three grapes, the traditional method and dosage ladder, house and grower codes, then two verified producers.",
      "level": "both",
      "parentPath": "france",
      "group": "countries",
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        "title": "Countries",
        "url": "https://www.winewithseth.com/winewiki/paths/#countries"
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      "breadcrumb": [
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          "slug": "france",
          "title": "France",
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        {
          "slug": "champagne",
          "title": "Champagne",
          "url": "https://www.winewithseth.com/winewiki/paths/champagne/"
        }
      ],
      "hubSlug": "champagne-aoc",
      "hubUrl": "https://www.winewithseth.com/winewiki/champagne-aoc/",
      "minutes": 119,
      "stepCount": 16,
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          "kind": "article",
          "key": "article:champagne-aoc",
          "order": 1,
          "slug": "champagne-aoc",
          "title": "Champagne AOC",
          "url": "https://www.winewithseth.com/winewiki/champagne-aoc/",
          "minutes": 12,
          "why": "Start with the appellation: about 34,300 hectares in northeastern France, made only by the traditional method from three main grapes.",
          "focus": "The four principal sub-regions and the Échelle des Crus village ranking, then the vintage weather series linked from this page."
        },
        {
          "kind": "article",
          "key": "article:montagne-de-reims",
          "order": 2,
          "slug": "montagne-de-reims",
          "title": "Montagne de Reims",
          "url": "https://www.winewithseth.com/winewiki/montagne-de-reims/",
          "minutes": 8,
          "why": "Begin the sub-regions on the Montagne de Reims, the chalk plateau south of Reims planted mostly to Pinot Noir.",
          "focus": null
        },
        {
          "kind": "article",
          "key": "article:vallee-de-la-marne",
          "order": 3,
          "slug": "vallee-de-la-marne",
          "title": "Vallée de la Marne",
          "url": "https://www.winewithseth.com/winewiki/vallee-de-la-marne/",
          "minutes": 7,
          "why": "Follow the Marne west from Épernay into the valley with the largest Meunier plantings in the appellation.",
          "focus": null
        },
        {
          "kind": "article",
          "key": "article:cote-des-blancs",
          "order": 4,
          "slug": "cote-des-blancs",
          "title": "Côte des Blancs",
          "url": "https://www.winewithseth.com/winewiki/cote-des-blancs/",
          "minutes": 7,
          "why": "Then the Côte des Blancs, a chalk scarp running south from Épernay, almost all Chardonnay, with six Grand Cru villages.",
          "focus": null
        },
        {
          "kind": "article",
          "key": "article:cote-des-bar",
          "order": 5,
          "slug": "cote-des-bar",
          "title": "Côte des Bar",
          "url": "https://www.winewithseth.com/winewiki/cote-des-bar/",
          "minutes": 8,
          "why": "Finish the map in the Aube with the Côte des Bar, on Kimmeridgian limestone and planted mostly to Pinot Noir.",
          "focus": null
        },
        {
          "kind": "article",
          "key": "article:chardonnay",
          "order": 6,
          "slug": "chardonnay",
          "title": "Chardonnay",
          "url": "https://www.winewithseth.com/winewiki/chardonnay/",
          "minutes": 8,
          "why": "Meet the grapes, starting with Chardonnay, which gives Champagne backbone, freshness and the Blanc de Blancs style.",
          "focus": null
        },
        {
          "kind": "article",
          "key": "article:pinot-noir",
          "order": 7,
          "slug": "pinot-noir",
          "title": "Pinot Noir",
          "url": "https://www.winewithseth.com/winewiki/pinot-noir/",
          "minutes": 8,
          "why": "Then Pinot Noir, a thin-skinned black grape known for silken texture, vibrant acidity and transparency to site.",
          "focus": null
        },
        {
          "kind": "article",
          "key": "article:pinot-meunier",
          "order": 8,
          "slug": "pinot-meunier",
          "title": "Pinot Meunier",
          "url": "https://www.winewithseth.com/winewiki/pinot-meunier/",
          "minutes": 7,
          "why": "The third Champagne grape, Meunier: frost tolerant, late to bud, and the rounding fruit in many non-vintage house blends.",
          "focus": null
        },
        {
          "kind": "article",
          "key": "article:traditional-method-methode-champenoise-methode-traditionnelle",
          "order": 9,
          "slug": "traditional-method-methode-champenoise-methode-traditionnelle",
          "title": "Traditional Method / Méthode Champenoise (Méthode Traditionnelle)",
          "url": "https://www.winewithseth.com/winewiki/traditional-method-methode-champenoise-methode-traditionnelle/",
          "minutes": 8,
          "why": "Next, the process: a second fermentation in bottle, ageing on lees, then riddling and disgorgement.",
          "focus": "The sequence from liqueur de tirage through remuage to dégorgement and dosage."
        },
        {
          "kind": "article",
          "key": "article:dosage-the-final-touch-in-sparkling-wine-production",
          "order": 10,
          "slug": "dosage-the-final-touch-in-sparkling-wine-production",
          "title": "Dosage: The Final Touch in Sparkling Wine Production",
          "url": "https://www.winewithseth.com/winewiki/dosage-the-final-touch-in-sparkling-wine-production/",
          "minutes": 7,
          "why": "Dosage, added after disgorgement, sets where a Champagne sits on the sweetness scale.",
          "focus": "The seven categories, from Brut Nature (0 to 3 g/L) up to Doux."
        },
        {
          "kind": "article",
          "key": "article:blanc-de-blancs-champagne",
          "order": 11,
          "slug": "blanc-de-blancs-champagne",
          "title": "Blanc de Blancs Champagne (100% Chardonnay)",
          "url": "https://www.winewithseth.com/winewiki/blanc-de-blancs-champagne/",
          "minutes": 7,
          "why": "See Chardonnay on its own in Blanc de Blancs, the style most closely tied to the Côte des Blancs.",
          "focus": null
        },
        {
          "kind": "article",
          "key": "article:blanc-de-noirs-champagne",
          "order": 12,
          "slug": "blanc-de-noirs-champagne",
          "title": "Blanc de Noirs Champagne (Pinot Noir and/or Meunier)",
          "url": "https://www.winewithseth.com/winewiki/blanc-de-noirs-champagne/",
          "minutes": 8,
          "why": "Its counterpart, Blanc de Noirs, a white Champagne made only from Pinot Noir and/or Meunier.",
          "focus": null
        },
        {
          "kind": "article",
          "key": "article:maison-vs-grower-champagne",
          "order": 13,
          "slug": "maison-vs-grower-champagne",
          "title": "Maison vs Grower-Champagne (RM/NM/CM/RC codes)",
          "url": "https://www.winewithseth.com/winewiki/maison-vs-grower-champagne/",
          "minutes": 7,
          "why": "Learn the two-letter codes on every bottle (NM, RM, CM, RC) and the house versus grower split behind them.",
          "focus": null
        },
        {
          "kind": "article",
          "key": "article:grower-champagne",
          "order": 14,
          "slug": "grower-champagne",
          "title": "Grower Champagne / Récoltant-Manipulant",
          "url": "https://www.winewithseth.com/winewiki/grower-champagne/",
          "minutes": 6,
          "why": "Then grower Champagne itself: vignerons who grow, vinify and bottle their own grapes under the RM designation.",
          "focus": null
        },
        {
          "kind": "article",
          "key": "article:krug",
          "order": 15,
          "slug": "krug",
          "title": "Krug",
          "url": "https://www.winewithseth.com/winewiki/krug/",
          "minutes": 5,
          "why": "Now producers: a Reims house founded in 1843 whose Grande Cuvée blends at least 120 wines from more than 10 years.",
          "focus": null
        },
        {
          "kind": "article",
          "key": "article:pierre-peters",
          "order": 16,
          "slug": "pierre-peters",
          "title": "Pierre Péters",
          "url": "https://www.winewithseth.com/winewiki/pierre-peters/",
          "minutes": 6,
          "why": "Close in Le Mesnil-sur-Oger with a family grower making Grand Cru Blanc de Blancs from its own Chardonnay vineyards.",
          "focus": null
        }
      ],
      "children": [],
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    {
      "slug": "fortified-wine",
      "title": "Fortified wine",
      "tagline": "Port, Sherry, Madeira, Marsala, Vin Doux Naturel and Rutherglen, and how spirit, flor and solera shape them.",
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      "parentPath": "winemaking",
      "group": "fundamentals",
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        "title": "Fundamentals",
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          "slug": "winemaking",
          "title": "Winemaking",
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        {
          "slug": "fortified-wine",
          "title": "Fortified wine",
          "url": "https://www.winewithseth.com/winewiki/paths/fortified-wine/"
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      ],
      "hubSlug": "fortified-wines",
      "hubUrl": "https://www.winewithseth.com/winewiki/fortified-wines/",
      "minutes": 127,
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        {
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          "slug": "fortified-wines",
          "title": "Fortified Wines",
          "url": "https://www.winewithseth.com/winewiki/fortified-wines/",
          "minutes": 8,
          "why": "Start with the category: wine with extra alcohol added, sweeter when the spirit goes in before fermentation is complete.",
          "focus": null
        },
        {
          "kind": "article",
          "key": "article:fortification",
          "order": 2,
          "slug": "fortification",
          "title": "Fortification: Grape Spirit (Aguardente) Added Mid-Fermentation",
          "url": "https://www.winewithseth.com/winewiki/fortification/",
          "minutes": 8,
          "why": "How it works for Port: grape spirit at 77% ABV added when roughly half the sugar has fermented.",
          "focus": null
        },
        {
          "kind": "article",
          "key": "article:vin-doux-naturel",
          "order": 3,
          "slug": "vin-doux-naturel",
          "title": "Vin Doux Naturel (VDN): Muscat, Banyuls, Maury, Rivesaltes",
          "url": "https://www.winewithseth.com/winewiki/vin-doux-naturel/",
          "minutes": 8,
          "why": "France's version, Vin Doux Naturel, stops fermentation with neutral grape spirit, with Roussillon leading production.",
          "focus": null
        },
        {
          "kind": "article",
          "key": "article:douro-valley",
          "order": 4,
          "slug": "douro-valley",
          "title": "Douro Valley",
          "url": "https://www.winewithseth.com/winewiki/douro-valley/",
          "minutes": 9,
          "why": "The Douro Valley, demarcated in 1756, carries both the Port and Douro designations of origin.",
          "focus": null
        },
        {
          "kind": "article",
          "key": "article:touriga-nacional",
          "order": 5,
          "slug": "touriga-nacional",
          "title": "Touriga Nacional",
          "url": "https://www.winewithseth.com/winewiki/touriga-nacional/",
          "minutes": 6,
          "why": "Touriga Nacional, the backbone of great Port blends.",
          "focus": null
        },
        {
          "kind": "article",
          "key": "article:tawny-port",
          "order": 6,
          "slug": "tawny-port",
          "title": "Tawny Port (Basic; Blended; Amber Color from Wood Aging)",
          "url": "https://www.winewithseth.com/winewiki/tawny-port/",
          "minutes": 9,
          "why": "Tawny Port, a blended, wood-aged style of Port: a blend of wines from several years matured in wood as oxidation moves the color from ruby toward amber.",
          "focus": null
        },
        {
          "kind": "article",
          "key": "article:jerez-xeres-sherry-do",
          "order": 7,
          "slug": "jerez-xeres-sherry-do",
          "title": "Jerez-Xérès-Sherry DO",
          "url": "https://www.winewithseth.com/winewiki/jerez-xeres-sherry-do/",
          "minutes": 11,
          "why": "Sherry country, around Jerez de la Frontera, where Palomino is the main base of almost all protected wines.",
          "focus": null
        },
        {
          "kind": "article",
          "key": "article:palomino-fino",
          "order": 8,
          "slug": "palomino-fino",
          "title": "Palomino Fino",
          "url": "https://www.winewithseth.com/winewiki/palomino-fino/",
          "minutes": 4,
          "why": "Palomino Fino, naturally low in acidity and sugar and suited to Sherry.",
          "focus": null
        },
        {
          "kind": "article",
          "key": "article:biological-aging-flor",
          "order": 9,
          "slug": "biological-aging-flor",
          "title": "Biological Aging Under Flor Yeast (Sherry Fino & Manzanilla)",
          "url": "https://www.winewithseth.com/winewiki/biological-aging-flor/",
          "minutes": 9,
          "why": "Flor: a living veil of yeast that grows on wine in part-filled oak butts, protecting fino and manzanilla from oxygen.",
          "focus": null
        },
        {
          "kind": "article",
          "key": "article:solera-system",
          "order": 10,
          "slug": "solera-system",
          "title": "Solera System: Fractional Blending (Sherry, Madeira, Some Ports)",
          "url": "https://www.winewithseth.com/winewiki/solera-system/",
          "minutes": 8,
          "why": "The solera: each saca is replaced from the primera criadera, creating a cascade upward through every tier.",
          "focus": null
        },
        {
          "kind": "article",
          "key": "article:oxidative-aging-without-flor",
          "order": 11,
          "slug": "oxidative-aging-without-flor",
          "title": "Oxidative Aging Without Flor (Oloroso, Madeira Canteiro Method)",
          "url": "https://www.winewithseth.com/winewiki/oxidative-aging-without-flor/",
          "minutes": 8,
          "why": "Without flor: Oloroso sherry is fortified to at least 17% by volume so that flor cannot survive, and Madeira ages oxidatively in cask by the canteiro method.",
          "focus": null
        },
        {
          "kind": "article",
          "key": "article:madeira",
          "order": 12,
          "slug": "madeira",
          "title": "Madeira",
          "url": "https://www.winewithseth.com/winewiki/madeira/",
          "minutes": 8,
          "why": "Madeira, in the Atlantic, with four white grapes from dry to sweet: Sercial, Verdelho, Bual and Malvasia.",
          "focus": "The age categories, from 5 years old up to 50-plus."
        },
        {
          "kind": "article",
          "key": "article:madeira-estufagem",
          "order": 13,
          "slug": "madeira-estufagem",
          "title": "Madeira Estufagem vs. Canteiro: Two Maturation Methods Explained",
          "url": "https://www.winewithseth.com/winewiki/madeira-estufagem/",
          "minutes": 7,
          "why": "Madeira's two maturation methods: estufagem, heating the wine in stainless steel estufas, against canteiro, aging in casks on the upper floors of the lodge under the island's natural warmth.",
          "focus": null
        },
        {
          "kind": "article",
          "key": "article:marsala-doc",
          "order": 14,
          "slug": "marsala-doc",
          "title": "Marsala DOC",
          "url": "https://www.winewithseth.com/winewiki/marsala-doc/",
          "minutes": 8,
          "why": "Sicily's Marsala, fortified wine from Grillo, Catarratto, Inzolia and Damaschino, in five aging categories.",
          "focus": "The aging categories from Fine to Vergine Stravecchio."
        },
        {
          "kind": "article",
          "key": "article:marsala-fortification-tradition",
          "order": 15,
          "slug": "marsala-fortification-tradition",
          "title": "Marsala Fortification Tradition",
          "url": "https://www.winewithseth.com/winewiki/marsala-fortification-tradition/",
          "minutes": 8,
          "why": "Marsala's in perpetuum system: barrels drawn are replenished with the next oldest wine, cascading down to the barrel holding the youngest blend.",
          "focus": null
        },
        {
          "kind": "article",
          "key": "article:rutherglen",
          "order": 16,
          "slug": "rutherglen",
          "title": "Rutherglen",
          "url": "https://www.winewithseth.com/winewiki/rutherglen/",
          "minutes": 8,
          "why": "Close in northeastern Victoria with Rutherglen Muscat and Topaque, organised under a four-tier system.",
          "focus": null
        }
      ],
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          "title": "France: Appellations, Regions and Grapes",
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          "minutes": 11,
          "why": "Start with the country: vineyard area, the 1935 appellation law, and the regions and grapes this path visits.",
          "focus": null
        },
        {
          "kind": "article",
          "key": "article:french-wine-classification-system",
          "order": 2,
          "slug": "french-wine-classification-system",
          "title": "French Wine Classification System",
          "url": "https://www.winewithseth.com/winewiki/french-wine-classification-system/",
          "minutes": 6,
          "why": "Next, the three national tiers (AOP/AOC, IGP, Vin de France) that sit above every region that follows.",
          "focus": "The tier ladder and how regional classifications layer inside AOP."
        },
        {
          "kind": "article",
          "key": "article:champagne-aoc",
          "order": 3,
          "slug": "champagne-aoc",
          "title": "Champagne AOC",
          "url": "https://www.winewithseth.com/winewiki/champagne-aoc/",
          "minutes": 12,
          "why": "Begin the regions in the northeast with the sparkling appellation built on chalk and bottle fermentation.",
          "focus": null
        },
        {
          "kind": "deeper",
          "key": "deeper:champagne",
          "order": 4,
          "slug": "champagne",
          "title": "Champagne",
          "url": "https://www.winewithseth.com/winewiki/paths/champagne/",
          "minutes": 119,
          "why": "Go deeper into Champagne: its four sub-regions, three grapes, the dosage ladder, and houses and growers.",
          "focus": null,
          "stepCount": 16,
          "readingSteps": 16,
          "startUrl": "https://www.winewithseth.com/winewiki/champagne-aoc/?path=champagne"
        },
        {
          "kind": "article",
          "key": "article:alsace",
          "order": 5,
          "slug": "alsace",
          "title": "Alsace",
          "url": "https://www.winewithseth.com/winewiki/alsace/",
          "minutes": 8,
          "why": "Move south along the Vosges to Alsace and its aromatic whites across three AOCs.",
          "focus": null
        },
        {
          "kind": "deeper",
          "key": "deeper:alsace",
          "order": 6,
          "slug": "alsace",
          "title": "Alsace",
          "url": "https://www.winewithseth.com/winewiki/paths/alsace/",
          "minutes": 97,
          "why": "Go deeper into Alsace: the Grand Cru tier, the four noble grapes, Pinot Blanc, Crémant d'Alsace and three producers.",
          "focus": null,
          "stepCount": 12,
          "readingSteps": 12,
          "startUrl": "https://www.winewithseth.com/winewiki/alsace/?path=alsace"
        },
        {
          "kind": "article",
          "key": "article:loire-valley",
          "order": 7,
          "slug": "loire-valley",
          "title": "Loire Valley",
          "url": "https://www.winewithseth.com/winewiki/loire-valley/",
          "minutes": 8,
          "why": "Head west to the Loire, where Chenin Blanc, Sauvignon Blanc and Muscadet share one long river valley.",
          "focus": null
        },
        {
          "kind": "deeper",
          "key": "deeper:loire",
          "order": 8,
          "slug": "loire",
          "title": "Loire Valley",
          "url": "https://www.winewithseth.com/winewiki/paths/loire/",
          "minutes": 121,
          "why": "Go deeper into the Loire, from Muscadet through Anjou and Touraine to Sancerre and Pouilly-Fumé.",
          "focus": null,
          "stepCount": 16,
          "readingSteps": 16,
          "startUrl": "https://www.winewithseth.com/winewiki/loire-valley/?path=loire"
        },
        {
          "kind": "article",
          "key": "article:burgundy",
          "order": 9,
          "slug": "burgundy",
          "title": "Burgundy (Bourgogne)",
          "url": "https://www.winewithseth.com/winewiki/burgundy/",
          "minutes": 10,
          "why": "Cross to east-central France and the climats of Burgundy, where Pinot Noir and Chardonnay are mapped by site.",
          "focus": "The classification section and the six sub-regions."
        },
        {
          "kind": "deeper",
          "key": "deeper:burgundy",
          "order": 10,
          "slug": "burgundy",
          "title": "Burgundy",
          "url": "https://www.winewithseth.com/winewiki/paths/burgundy/",
          "minutes": 102,
          "why": "Go deeper into Burgundy: the four-tier climat ladder, Chablis to the Mâconnais, three grapes and three producers.",
          "focus": null,
          "stepCount": 14,
          "readingSteps": 14,
          "startUrl": "https://www.winewithseth.com/winewiki/burgundy/?path=burgundy"
        },
        {
          "kind": "article",
          "key": "article:jura",
          "order": 11,
          "slug": "jura",
          "title": "Jura: Appellations, Wines and Grapes",
          "url": "https://www.winewithseth.com/winewiki/jura/",
          "minutes": 12,
          "why": "Stay in eastern France for the Jura, its seven appellations and five authorised varieties.",
          "focus": null
        },
        {
          "kind": "deeper",
          "key": "deeper:beaujolais",
          "order": 12,
          "slug": "beaujolais",
          "title": "Beaujolais",
          "url": "https://www.winewithseth.com/winewiki/paths/beaujolais/",
          "minutes": 100,
          "why": "Burgundy runs south into Beaujolais; take this side path for Gamay, carbonic maceration and the ten crus.",
          "focus": null,
          "stepCount": 15,
          "readingSteps": 15,
          "startUrl": "https://www.winewithseth.com/winewiki/beaujolais-aoc/?path=beaujolais"
        },
        {
          "kind": "article",
          "key": "article:northern-rhone-syrah-viognier-country",
          "order": 13,
          "slug": "northern-rhone-syrah-viognier-country",
          "title": "Northern Rhône: Syrah and Viognier Country",
          "url": "https://www.winewithseth.com/winewiki/northern-rhone-syrah-viognier-country/",
          "minutes": 9,
          "why": "Continue south to the Northern Rhône, where Syrah is the only red grape and Viognier makes Condrieu.",
          "focus": null
        },
        {
          "kind": "article",
          "key": "article:southern-rhone-grenache-dominant-blends",
          "order": 14,
          "slug": "southern-rhone-grenache-dominant-blends",
          "title": "Southern Rhône (Grenache-dominant blends)",
          "url": "https://www.winewithseth.com/winewiki/southern-rhone-grenache-dominant-blends/",
          "minutes": 7,
          "why": "The valley widens into the Southern Rhône and its Grenache-led blends, including Châteauneuf-du-Pape.",
          "focus": null
        },
        {
          "kind": "deeper",
          "key": "deeper:rhone",
          "order": 15,
          "slug": "rhone",
          "title": "Rhône",
          "url": "https://www.winewithseth.com/winewiki/paths/rhone/",
          "minutes": 128,
          "why": "Go deeper into the Rhône: the Côtes du Rhône ladder, the northern and southern crus, and their grapes.",
          "focus": null,
          "stepCount": 16,
          "readingSteps": 16,
          "startUrl": "https://www.winewithseth.com/winewiki/rhone-valley/?path=rhone"
        },
        {
          "kind": "compare",
          "key": "compare:northern-rhone-vs-southern-rhone",
          "order": 16,
          "slug": "northern-rhone-vs-southern-rhone",
          "title": "Northern Rhone vs Southern Rhone",
          "url": "https://www.winewithseth.com/winewiki/compare/northern-rhone-vs-southern-rhone/",
          "minutes": 6,
          "why": "Set the northern and southern Rhône side by side: climate, soil, grapes, appellations and AOC rules.",
          "focus": null,
          "subjects": [
            {
              "slug": "northern-rhone-syrah-viognier-country",
              "title": "Northern Rhône",
              "url": "https://www.winewithseth.com/winewiki/northern-rhone-syrah-viognier-country/"
            },
            {
              "slug": "southern-rhone-grenache-dominant-blends",
              "title": "Southern Rhône",
              "url": "https://www.winewithseth.com/winewiki/southern-rhone-grenache-dominant-blends/"
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          ]
        },
        {
          "kind": "article",
          "key": "article:bordeaux",
          "order": 17,
          "slug": "bordeaux",
          "title": "Bordeaux",
          "url": "https://www.winewithseth.com/winewiki/bordeaux/",
          "minutes": 10,
          "why": "Cross to the southwest and the Gironde, where Left Bank Cabernet and Right Bank Merlot divide Bordeaux.",
          "focus": "The Left Bank and Right Bank split, then the vintage weather series linked from this page."
        },
        {
          "kind": "deeper",
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          "order": 18,
          "slug": "bordeaux",
          "title": "Bordeaux",
          "url": "https://www.winewithseth.com/winewiki/paths/bordeaux/",
          "minutes": 138,
          "why": "Go deeper into Bordeaux: both banks, the 1855 and Saint-Émilion classifications, Sauternes and the key communes.",
          "focus": null,
          "stepCount": 16,
          "readingSteps": 16,
          "startUrl": "https://www.winewithseth.com/winewiki/bordeaux/?path=bordeaux"
        },
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          "kind": "article",
          "key": "article:languedoc-aoc-vast-regional-umbrella",
          "order": 19,
          "slug": "languedoc-aoc-vast-regional-umbrella",
          "title": "Languedoc AOC, the Regional Umbrella Appellation",
          "url": "https://www.winewithseth.com/winewiki/languedoc-aoc-vast-regional-umbrella/",
          "minutes": 8,
          "why": "Turn to the Mediterranean and France's largest wine zone, Languedoc, and its move from bulk wine to site-driven blends.",
          "focus": null
        },
        {
          "kind": "article",
          "key": "article:provence-aoc",
          "order": 20,
          "slug": "provence-aoc",
          "title": "Provence AOC",
          "url": "https://www.winewithseth.com/winewiki/provence-aoc/",
          "minutes": 7,
          "why": "Follow the coast east to Provence, where rosé makes up most of the output.",
          "focus": null
        },
        {
          "kind": "article",
          "key": "article:chardonnay",
          "order": 21,
          "slug": "chardonnay",
          "title": "Chardonnay",
          "url": "https://www.winewithseth.com/winewiki/chardonnay/",
          "minutes": 8,
          "why": "With the map complete, meet the grapes, starting with Chardonnay from Burgundy.",
          "focus": null
        },
        {
          "kind": "article",
          "key": "article:pinot-noir",
          "order": 22,
          "slug": "pinot-noir",
          "title": "Pinot Noir",
          "url": "https://www.winewithseth.com/winewiki/pinot-noir/",
          "minutes": 8,
          "why": "Pinot Noir, which the BIVB calls the quintessential interpreter of terroir.",
          "focus": null
        },
        {
          "kind": "article",
          "key": "article:cabernet-sauvignon",
          "order": 23,
          "slug": "cabernet-sauvignon",
          "title": "Cabernet Sauvignon",
          "url": "https://www.winewithseth.com/winewiki/cabernet-sauvignon/",
          "minutes": 10,
          "why": "Back to Bordeaux for Cabernet Sauvignon, the structured grape of the Left Bank.",
          "focus": null
        },
        {
          "kind": "article",
          "key": "article:syrah-shiraz",
          "order": 24,
          "slug": "syrah-shiraz",
          "title": "Syrah / Shiraz",
          "url": "https://www.winewithseth.com/winewiki/syrah-shiraz/",
          "minutes": 11,
          "why": "The Northern Rhône grape, Syrah, and its two style archetypes.",
          "focus": null
        },
        {
          "kind": "article",
          "key": "article:sauvignon-blanc",
          "order": 25,
          "slug": "sauvignon-blanc",
          "title": "Sauvignon Blanc",
          "url": "https://www.winewithseth.com/winewiki/sauvignon-blanc/",
          "minutes": 10,
          "why": "The Loire white seen earlier, Sauvignon Blanc, with Sancerre and Pouilly-Fumé as reference points.",
          "focus": null
        },
        {
          "kind": "article",
          "key": "article:chenin-blanc",
          "order": 26,
          "slug": "chenin-blanc",
          "title": "Chenin Blanc",
          "url": "https://www.winewithseth.com/winewiki/chenin-blanc/",
          "minutes": 10,
          "why": "The Loire's other white, Chenin Blanc, which runs from dry and sparkling to botrytized sweet.",
          "focus": null
        },
        {
          "kind": "article",
          "key": "article:traditional-method-methode-champenoise-methode-traditionnelle",
          "order": 27,
          "slug": "traditional-method-methode-champenoise-methode-traditionnelle",
          "title": "Traditional Method / Méthode Champenoise (Méthode Traditionnelle)",
          "url": "https://www.winewithseth.com/winewiki/traditional-method-methode-champenoise-methode-traditionnelle/",
          "minutes": 8,
          "why": "Return to Champagne for the process it made famous: second fermentation in bottle and ageing on lees.",
          "focus": "The step-by-step cycle from tirage to disgorgement."
        },
        {
          "kind": "article",
          "key": "article:domaine-de-la-romanee-conti",
          "order": 28,
          "slug": "domaine-de-la-romanee-conti",
          "title": "Domaine de la Romanée-Conti",
          "url": "https://www.winewithseth.com/winewiki/domaine-de-la-romanee-conti/",
          "minutes": 6,
          "why": "Now producers: a Burgundy domaine in Vosne-Romanée farming nine Grands Crus.",
          "focus": null
        },
        {
          "kind": "article",
          "key": "article:chateau-cheval-blanc",
          "order": 29,
          "slug": "chateau-cheval-blanc",
          "title": "Château Cheval Blanc",
          "url": "https://www.winewithseth.com/winewiki/chateau-cheval-blanc/",
          "minutes": 12,
          "why": "A Bordeaux Right Bank estate on the Saint-Émilion side of the Pomerol border, with a Cabernet Franc and Merlot blend.",
          "focus": null
        },
        {
          "kind": "article",
          "key": "article:e-guigal",
          "order": 30,
          "slug": "e-guigal",
          "title": "E. Guigal",
          "url": "https://www.winewithseth.com/winewiki/e-guigal/",
          "minutes": 8,
          "why": "Close in the Northern Rhône with an Ampuis house known for Côte-Rôtie single vineyards.",
          "focus": null
        }
      ],
      "children": [
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        "alsace",
        "loire",
        "burgundy",
        "beaujolais",
        "rhone",
        "bordeaux"
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        "spain",
        "germany",
        "wine-101"
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      "title": "Germany",
      "tagline": "The Prädikat and VDP ladders, seven regions, Riesling, Spätburgunder, Silvaner and a verified Mosel estate.",
      "level": "both",
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      "hubUrl": "https://www.winewithseth.com/winewiki/germany/",
      "minutes": 120,
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          "key": "article:germany",
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          "slug": "germany",
          "title": "Germany: Riesling, Slate and Cool-Climate Wine",
          "url": "https://www.winewithseth.com/winewiki/germany/",
          "minutes": 9,
          "why": "Start with the country: 13 defined regions and Riesling as the lead variety.",
          "focus": null
        },
        {
          "kind": "article",
          "key": "article:german-pradikatswein-classification",
          "order": 2,
          "slug": "german-pradikatswein-classification",
          "title": "German Prädikatswein Classification",
          "url": "https://www.winewithseth.com/winewiki/german-pradikatswein-classification/",
          "minutes": 10,
          "why": "Next, the ripeness ladder from Kabinett to Trockenbeerenauslese that appears on many German labels.",
          "focus": "The six levels and the Oechsle scale."
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        {
          "kind": "article",
          "key": "article:vdp-classification",
          "order": 3,
          "slug": "vdp-classification",
          "title": "VDP Classification",
          "url": "https://www.winewithseth.com/winewiki/vdp-classification/",
          "minutes": 7,
          "why": "Then the VDP's own four-tier vineyard pyramid, which ranks sites rather than ripeness.",
          "focus": null
        },
        {
          "kind": "article",
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          "order": 4,
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          "url": "https://www.winewithseth.com/winewiki/mosel/",
          "minutes": 9,
          "why": "Begin the regions on the steep slate slopes of the Mosel and its Saar and Ruwer tributaries.",
          "focus": "The steep slate sites, then the vintage weather series linked from this page."
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          "order": 5,
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          "minutes": 99,
          "why": "Go deeper into the Mosel: Saar and Ruwer, the Middle Mosel sites, slate and Riesling.",
          "focus": null,
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          "url": "https://www.winewithseth.com/winewiki/rheingau/",
          "minutes": 10,
          "why": "Move to the Rheingau, where the Rhine flows east to west and the vineyards face south.",
          "focus": null
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        {
          "kind": "deeper",
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          "order": 7,
          "slug": "rheingau",
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          "url": "https://www.winewithseth.com/winewiki/paths/rheingau/",
          "minutes": 96,
          "why": "Go deeper into the Rheingau, site by site from Assmannshausen to Hochheim.",
          "focus": null,
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          "readingSteps": 13,
          "startUrl": "https://www.winewithseth.com/winewiki/rheingau/?path=rheingau"
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          "order": 8,
          "slug": "mosel-vs-rheingau",
          "title": "Mosel vs Rheingau",
          "url": "https://www.winewithseth.com/winewiki/compare/mosel-vs-rheingau/",
          "minutes": 9,
          "why": "Compare the Mosel and the Rheingau on climate, soil, grapes, wine style and classification.",
          "focus": null,
          "subjects": [
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          "title": "Pfalz",
          "url": "https://www.winewithseth.com/winewiki/pfalz/",
          "minutes": 10,
          "why": "South to the Pfalz, one of Germany's driest, warmest wine regions, where Riesling is the undisputed number one grape.",
          "focus": null
        },
        {
          "kind": "article",
          "key": "article:rheinhessen",
          "order": 10,
          "slug": "rheinhessen",
          "title": "Rheinhessen",
          "url": "https://www.winewithseth.com/winewiki/rheinhessen/",
          "minutes": 8,
          "why": "Cross the Rhine to Rheinhessen, Germany's largest region by area.",
          "focus": null
        },
        {
          "kind": "article",
          "key": "article:nahe",
          "order": 11,
          "slug": "nahe",
          "title": "Nahe",
          "url": "https://www.winewithseth.com/winewiki/nahe/",
          "minutes": 7,
          "why": "West to the Nahe and its wide range of soils.",
          "focus": null
        },
        {
          "kind": "article",
          "key": "article:baden",
          "order": 12,
          "slug": "baden",
          "title": "Baden",
          "url": "https://www.winewithseth.com/winewiki/baden/",
          "minutes": 6,
          "why": "Far south to Baden, the warmest region, where Pinot varieties lead.",
          "focus": null
        },
        {
          "kind": "article",
          "key": "article:franken",
          "order": 13,
          "slug": "franken",
          "title": "Franken",
          "url": "https://www.winewithseth.com/winewiki/franken/",
          "minutes": 8,
          "why": "Finish the regions in Franken, Bavaria's wine region, with Silvaner and the Bocksbeutel bottle.",
          "focus": null
        },
        {
          "kind": "article",
          "key": "article:riesling",
          "order": 14,
          "slug": "riesling",
          "title": "Riesling",
          "url": "https://www.winewithseth.com/winewiki/riesling/",
          "minutes": 8,
          "why": "Now the grapes, starting with Riesling and its range from dry to sweet.",
          "focus": null
        },
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          "kind": "article",
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          "order": 15,
          "slug": "pinot-noir",
          "title": "Pinot Noir",
          "url": "https://www.winewithseth.com/winewiki/pinot-noir/",
          "minutes": 8,
          "why": "Pinot Noir, known in Germany as Spätburgunder and the country's leading red grape.",
          "focus": "The key facts on German plantings."
        },
        {
          "kind": "article",
          "key": "article:silvaner",
          "order": 16,
          "slug": "silvaner",
          "title": "Silvaner",
          "url": "https://www.winewithseth.com/winewiki/silvaner/",
          "minutes": 6,
          "why": "Back to Franken for Silvaner on Muschelkalk limestone.",
          "focus": null
        },
        {
          "kind": "article",
          "key": "article:schloss-lieser",
          "order": 17,
          "slug": "schloss-lieser",
          "title": "Weingut Schloss Lieser",
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          "minutes": 5,
          "why": "Close with a producer: a Riesling estate in the Middle Mosel with VDP Grosse Lage sites.",
          "focus": null
        }
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      "slug": "italy",
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      "tagline": "The DOCG ladder, a Piedmont side path, then Italy region by region, its grapes and appassimento.",
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          "slug": "italy",
          "title": "Italy",
          "url": "https://www.winewithseth.com/winewiki/paths/italy/"
        }
      ],
      "hubSlug": "italy",
      "hubUrl": "https://www.winewithseth.com/winewiki/italy/",
      "minutes": 138,
      "stepCount": 21,
      "readingSteps": 17,
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      "verifiedAt": null,
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      "steps": [
        {
          "kind": "article",
          "key": "article:italy",
          "order": 1,
          "slug": "italy",
          "title": "Italy",
          "url": "https://www.winewithseth.com/winewiki/italy/",
          "minutes": 9,
          "why": "Start with the country: production, vineyard area and its protected designations.",
          "focus": null
        },
        {
          "kind": "article",
          "key": "article:italian-wine-classification",
          "order": 2,
          "slug": "italian-wine-classification",
          "title": "Italian Wine Classification",
          "url": "https://www.winewithseth.com/winewiki/italian-wine-classification/",
          "minutes": 6,
          "why": "Next, the tiers from DOCG down to Vino da Tavola that every region below uses.",
          "focus": "The tier ladder and what each level governs."
        },
        {
          "kind": "deeper",
          "key": "deeper:piedmont",
          "order": 3,
          "slug": "piedmont",
          "title": "Piedmont",
          "url": "https://www.winewithseth.com/winewiki/paths/piedmont/",
          "minutes": 127,
          "why": "Before heading east, take the Piedmont side path for Nebbiolo, Barolo, Barbaresco and Barbera.",
          "focus": null,
          "stepCount": 18,
          "readingSteps": 18,
          "startUrl": "https://www.winewithseth.com/winewiki/piedmont/?path=piedmont"
        },
        {
          "kind": "article",
          "key": "article:veneto-region-wines",
          "order": 4,
          "slug": "veneto-region-wines",
          "title": "Veneto Region Wines",
          "url": "https://www.winewithseth.com/winewiki/veneto-region-wines/",
          "minutes": 9,
          "why": "Move to the northeast and Veneto, home of Amarone, Prosecco and Soave.",
          "focus": null
        },
        {
          "kind": "deeper",
          "key": "deeper:veneto",
          "order": 5,
          "slug": "veneto",
          "title": "Veneto",
          "url": "https://www.winewithseth.com/winewiki/paths/veneto/",
          "minutes": 115,
          "why": "Go deeper into Veneto: Valpolicella to Amarone and Ripasso, the Garda wines, Soave and Prosecco.",
          "focus": null,
          "stepCount": 14,
          "readingSteps": 14,
          "startUrl": "https://www.winewithseth.com/winewiki/veneto-region-wines/?path=veneto"
        },
        {
          "kind": "article",
          "key": "article:friuli-doc-overarching-regional-doc",
          "order": 6,
          "slug": "friuli-doc-overarching-regional-doc",
          "title": "Friuli-Venezia Giulia",
          "url": "https://www.winewithseth.com/winewiki/friuli-doc-overarching-regional-doc/",
          "minutes": 6,
          "why": "Continue east to Friuli-Venezia Giulia, a region led by white wine.",
          "focus": null
        },
        {
          "kind": "article",
          "key": "article:tuscan-wine-regions",
          "order": 7,
          "slug": "tuscan-wine-regions",
          "title": "Tuscan Wine Regions",
          "url": "https://www.winewithseth.com/winewiki/tuscan-wine-regions/",
          "minutes": 8,
          "why": "Turn south to Tuscany, where Sangiovese runs through its DOCG zones.",
          "focus": "The DOCG zones, then the vintage weather series linked from this page."
        },
        {
          "kind": "deeper",
          "key": "deeper:tuscany",
          "order": 8,
          "slug": "tuscany",
          "title": "Tuscany",
          "url": "https://www.winewithseth.com/winewiki/paths/tuscany/",
          "minutes": 123,
          "why": "Go deeper into Tuscany: Chianti, Brunello, Vino Nobile, Bolgheri and the Super Tuscans, Maremma and Vin Santo.",
          "focus": null,
          "stepCount": 15,
          "readingSteps": 15,
          "startUrl": "https://www.winewithseth.com/winewiki/tuscan-wine-regions/?path=tuscany"
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          "kind": "article",
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          "order": 9,
          "slug": "umbria-igt",
          "title": "Umbria IGT",
          "url": "https://www.winewithseth.com/winewiki/umbria-igt/",
          "minutes": 9,
          "why": "Next door, Umbria, landlocked, with Sagrantino and Grechetto.",
          "focus": null
        },
        {
          "kind": "article",
          "key": "article:campania-taurasi-docg-aglianico",
          "order": 10,
          "slug": "campania-taurasi-docg-aglianico",
          "title": "CAMPANIA: Taurasi DOCG (Aglianico)",
          "url": "https://www.winewithseth.com/winewiki/campania-taurasi-docg-aglianico/",
          "minutes": 9,
          "why": "Further south to Campania and Taurasi, Aglianico from the Irpinia hills.",
          "focus": null
        },
        {
          "kind": "article",
          "key": "article:sicily",
          "order": 11,
          "slug": "sicily",
          "title": "Sicily: Appellations, Grapes and Production",
          "url": "https://www.winewithseth.com/winewiki/sicily/",
          "minutes": 9,
          "why": "Cross to Sicily: its vineyard, DOP wines and grapes.",
          "focus": null
        },
        {
          "kind": "deeper",
          "key": "deeper:sicily",
          "order": 12,
          "slug": "sicily",
          "title": "Sicily",
          "url": "https://www.winewithseth.com/winewiki/paths/sicily/",
          "minutes": 97,
          "why": "Go deeper into Sicily: Etna and a contrada, Cerasuolo di Vittoria, Marsala and Pantelleria.",
          "focus": null,
          "stepCount": 13,
          "readingSteps": 13,
          "startUrl": "https://www.winewithseth.com/winewiki/sicily/?path=sicily"
        },
        {
          "kind": "article",
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          "order": 13,
          "slug": "mount-etna-doc",
          "title": "Mount Etna DOC",
          "url": "https://www.winewithseth.com/winewiki/mount-etna-doc/",
          "minutes": 10,
          "why": "Stay on Sicily for the volcanic slopes of Etna, with Nerello Mascalese and Carricante.",
          "focus": null
        },
        {
          "kind": "article",
          "key": "article:sardinian-wine-regions",
          "order": 14,
          "slug": "sardinian-wine-regions",
          "title": "Sardinian Wine Regions",
          "url": "https://www.winewithseth.com/winewiki/sardinian-wine-regions/",
          "minutes": 9,
          "why": "Finish the regions on Sardinia, with Cannonau and Vermentino.",
          "focus": null
        },
        {
          "kind": "article",
          "key": "article:sangiovese",
          "order": 15,
          "slug": "sangiovese",
          "title": "Sangiovese",
          "url": "https://www.winewithseth.com/winewiki/sangiovese/",
          "minutes": 9,
          "why": "Now the grapes, starting with Sangiovese, the backbone of the Tuscan wines seen earlier.",
          "focus": null
        },
        {
          "kind": "article",
          "key": "article:corvina-veronese",
          "order": 16,
          "slug": "corvina-veronese",
          "title": "Corvina Veronese",
          "url": "https://www.winewithseth.com/winewiki/corvina-veronese/",
          "minutes": 7,
          "why": "Back to Veneto for Corvina, the thick-skinned grape of Valpolicella and Amarone.",
          "focus": null
        },
        {
          "kind": "article",
          "key": "article:garganega",
          "order": 17,
          "slug": "garganega",
          "title": "Garganega",
          "url": "https://www.winewithseth.com/winewiki/garganega/",
          "minutes": 7,
          "why": "The Veneto white, Garganega, which WSET calls the most important variety in the wines of Soave DOC and Soave DOC Classico.",
          "focus": null
        },
        {
          "kind": "article",
          "key": "article:nero-davola",
          "order": 18,
          "slug": "nero-davola",
          "title": "Nero d'Avola",
          "url": "https://www.winewithseth.com/winewiki/nero-davola/",
          "minutes": 5,
          "why": "Sicily's main red grape, Nero d'Avola.",
          "focus": null
        },
        {
          "kind": "article",
          "key": "article:appassimento",
          "order": 19,
          "slug": "appassimento",
          "title": "Appassimento",
          "url": "https://www.winewithseth.com/winewiki/appassimento/",
          "minutes": 9,
          "why": "Return to Corvina and Amarone for the process behind them: drying grapes before fermentation.",
          "focus": "How drying concentrates sugar and flavor, and where Italy uses it."
        },
        {
          "kind": "article",
          "key": "article:tenuta-san-guido",
          "order": 20,
          "slug": "tenuta-san-guido",
          "title": "Tenuta San Guido",
          "url": "https://www.winewithseth.com/winewiki/tenuta-san-guido/",
          "minutes": 9,
          "why": "Now producers: the Bolgheri estate in Tuscany behind Sassicaia.",
          "focus": null
        },
        {
          "kind": "article",
          "key": "article:case-basse-soldera",
          "order": 21,
          "slug": "case-basse-soldera",
          "title": "Case Basse, Soldera",
          "url": "https://www.winewithseth.com/winewiki/case-basse-soldera/",
          "minutes": 8,
          "why": "Inland in Montalcino, an estate devoted to 100 percent Sangiovese aged in large Slavonian oak.",
          "focus": null
        }
      ],
      "children": [
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        "veneto",
        "tuscany",
        "sicily"
      ],
      "related": [
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        "spain",
        "wine-101"
      ],
      "articleUrl": "https://www.winewithseth.com/winewiki/paths/italy/",
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    },
    {
      "slug": "loire",
      "title": "Loire Valley",
      "tagline": "Muscadet, Anjou, Saumur and Touraine to Sancerre and Pouilly-Fumé, with four grapes and one verified producer.",
      "level": "both",
      "parentPath": "france",
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        "url": "https://www.winewithseth.com/winewiki/paths/#countries"
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          "title": "France",
          "url": "https://www.winewithseth.com/winewiki/paths/france/"
        },
        {
          "slug": "loire",
          "title": "Loire Valley",
          "url": "https://www.winewithseth.com/winewiki/paths/loire/"
        }
      ],
      "hubSlug": "loire-valley",
      "hubUrl": "https://www.winewithseth.com/winewiki/loire-valley/",
      "minutes": 121,
      "stepCount": 16,
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        {
          "kind": "article",
          "key": "article:loire-valley",
          "order": 1,
          "slug": "loire-valley",
          "title": "Loire Valley",
          "url": "https://www.winewithseth.com/winewiki/loire-valley/",
          "minutes": 8,
          "why": "Start with the valley: about 800 kilometres from the Atlantic near Nantes to Sancerre, four sub-regions, and its four lead grapes.",
          "focus": "The climate shift from oceanic to continental and the soil types by sub-region."
        },
        {
          "kind": "article",
          "key": "article:muscadet-aoc",
          "order": 2,
          "slug": "muscadet-aoc",
          "title": "Muscadet AOC",
          "url": "https://www.winewithseth.com/winewiki/muscadet-aoc/",
          "minutes": 8,
          "why": "Begin in the Pays Nantais near Nantes with Muscadet, crisp saline whites shaped by sur lie aging.",
          "focus": "The four AOC tiers, headed by Muscadet Sèvre et Maine."
        },
        {
          "kind": "article",
          "key": "article:melon-de-bourgogne",
          "order": 3,
          "slug": "melon-de-bourgogne",
          "title": "Melon de Bourgogne",
          "url": "https://www.winewithseth.com/winewiki/melon-de-bourgogne/",
          "minutes": 7,
          "why": "Meet Muscadet's only grape, Melon de Bourgogne, a natural cross of Pinot and Gouais Blanc that settled in the Pays Nantais after the 1709 frost.",
          "focus": null
        },
        {
          "kind": "article",
          "key": "article:anjou-aoc",
          "order": 4,
          "slug": "anjou-aoc",
          "title": "Anjou AOC",
          "url": "https://www.winewithseth.com/winewiki/anjou-aoc/",
          "minutes": 5,
          "why": "Next, Anjou: red, white, rosé and sparkling wines from 2,500 hectares, with Chenin Blanc running from bone dry to sweet.",
          "focus": null
        },
        {
          "kind": "article",
          "key": "article:savennieres-aoc",
          "order": 5,
          "slug": "savennieres-aoc",
          "title": "Savennières AOC",
          "url": "https://www.winewithseth.com/winewiki/savennieres-aoc/",
          "minutes": 6,
          "why": "Within Anjou-Saumur, Savennières makes dry Chenin Blanc, the only dry white appellation among Anjou's sweet wines.",
          "focus": "The three sub-appellations, including the 7-hectare Coulée de Serrant monopoly."
        },
        {
          "kind": "article",
          "key": "article:saumur-aoc",
          "order": 6,
          "slug": "saumur-aoc",
          "title": "Saumur AOC",
          "url": "https://www.winewithseth.com/winewiki/saumur-aoc/",
          "minutes": 6,
          "why": "Then Saumur, France's third-largest sparkling wine appellation, built on ancient tufa stone.",
          "focus": null
        },
        {
          "kind": "article",
          "key": "article:chinon-aoc",
          "order": 7,
          "slug": "chinon-aoc",
          "title": "Chinon AOC",
          "url": "https://www.winewithseth.com/winewiki/chinon-aoc/",
          "minutes": 9,
          "why": "Into Touraine for Chinon, mostly dry red Cabernet Franc from 26 communes along the Vienne River.",
          "focus": null
        },
        {
          "kind": "article",
          "key": "article:bourgueil-aoc",
          "order": 8,
          "slug": "bourgueil-aoc",
          "title": "Bourgueil AOC",
          "url": "https://www.winewithseth.com/winewiki/bourgueil-aoc/",
          "minutes": 8,
          "why": "Then Bourgueil, on the right bank of the Loire west of Tours, where Cabernet Franc grows on sandy-gravel flats and tuffeau hillsides.",
          "focus": null
        },
        {
          "kind": "article",
          "key": "article:cabernet-franc",
          "order": 9,
          "slug": "cabernet-franc",
          "title": "Cabernet Franc",
          "url": "https://www.winewithseth.com/winewiki/cabernet-franc/",
          "minutes": 8,
          "why": "Meet the red grape behind Chinon and Bourgueil, Cabernet Franc, a parent of Cabernet Sauvignon, Merlot and Carménère.",
          "focus": null
        },
        {
          "kind": "article",
          "key": "article:vouvray-aoc",
          "order": 10,
          "slug": "vouvray-aoc",
          "title": "Vouvray AOC: Chenin Blanc in All Styles",
          "url": "https://www.winewithseth.com/winewiki/vouvray-aoc/",
          "minutes": 9,
          "why": "Back to whites in Vouvray, on the right bank in Touraine, where Chenin Blanc is made from dry sec to sweet moelleux, still and sparkling.",
          "focus": null
        },
        {
          "kind": "article",
          "key": "article:chenin-blanc",
          "order": 11,
          "slug": "chenin-blanc",
          "title": "Chenin Blanc",
          "url": "https://www.winewithseth.com/winewiki/chenin-blanc/",
          "minutes": 10,
          "why": "Step back to the grape itself: Chenin Blanc, high in acid, recorded in the Loire as early as 845 AD.",
          "focus": "The style range from dry Savennières and off-dry Vouvray to sparkling and botrytized sweet wines."
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        {
          "kind": "article",
          "key": "article:sancerre-aoc",
          "order": 12,
          "slug": "sancerre-aoc",
          "title": "Sancerre AOC",
          "url": "https://www.winewithseth.com/winewiki/sancerre-aoc/",
          "minutes": 7,
          "why": "Now to the Central Loire and Sancerre, on the left bank, known for Sauvignon Blanc whites plus Pinot Noir reds and rosés.",
          "focus": null
        },
        {
          "kind": "article",
          "key": "article:pouilly-fume-aoc",
          "order": 13,
          "slug": "pouilly-fume-aoc",
          "title": "Pouilly-Fumé AOC",
          "url": "https://www.winewithseth.com/winewiki/pouilly-fume-aoc/",
          "minutes": 8,
          "why": "Across the river on the right bank, Pouilly-Fumé makes only Sauvignon Blanc, with flint soils giving the gunflint note called pierre à fusil.",
          "focus": null
        },
        {
          "kind": "compare",
          "key": "compare:sancerre-vs-pouilly-fume",
          "order": 14,
          "slug": "sancerre-vs-pouilly-fume",
          "title": "Sancerre vs Pouilly-Fume",
          "url": "https://www.winewithseth.com/winewiki/compare/sancerre-vs-pouilly-fume/",
          "minutes": 7,
          "why": "Set Sancerre and Pouilly-Fumé side by side: climate, soils, styles, size and aging potential.",
          "focus": null,
          "subjects": [
            {
              "slug": "sancerre-aoc",
              "title": "Sancerre AOC",
              "url": "https://www.winewithseth.com/winewiki/sancerre-aoc/"
            },
            {
              "slug": "pouilly-fume-aoc",
              "title": "Pouilly-Fumé AOC",
              "url": "https://www.winewithseth.com/winewiki/pouilly-fume-aoc/"
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          "kind": "article",
          "key": "article:sauvignon-blanc",
          "order": 15,
          "slug": "sauvignon-blanc",
          "title": "Sauvignon Blanc",
          "url": "https://www.winewithseth.com/winewiki/sauvignon-blanc/",
          "minutes": 10,
          "why": "Then the grape behind both, Sauvignon Blanc, most likely from the Loire, with Sancerre and Pouilly-Fumé as its reference points.",
          "focus": null
        },
        {
          "kind": "article",
          "key": "article:domaine-huet",
          "order": 16,
          "slug": "domaine-huet",
          "title": "Domaine Huet",
          "url": "https://www.winewithseth.com/winewiki/domaine-huet/",
          "minutes": 5,
          "why": "Now a producer: a Vouvray estate founded in 1928, farming 30 hectares of Chenin Blanc across Le Haut-Lieu, Le Mont and Clos du Bourg.",
          "focus": null
        }
      ],
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    {
      "slug": "margaret-river",
      "title": "Margaret River",
      "tagline": "Margaret River and its Western Australian setting, Cabernet and the Bordeaux blend, Chardonnay, Sémillon and Sauvignon Blanc.",
      "level": "both",
      "parentPath": "australia",
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          "url": "https://www.winewithseth.com/winewiki/paths/australia/"
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        {
          "slug": "margaret-river",
          "title": "Margaret River",
          "url": "https://www.winewithseth.com/winewiki/paths/margaret-river/"
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      ],
      "hubSlug": "margaret-river",
      "hubUrl": "https://www.winewithseth.com/winewiki/margaret-river/",
      "minutes": 108,
      "stepCount": 12,
      "readingSteps": 12,
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      "verifiedSteps": 11,
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          "slug": "margaret-river",
          "title": "Margaret River",
          "url": "https://www.winewithseth.com/winewiki/margaret-river/",
          "minutes": 10,
          "why": "Start with the region, a narrow peninsula between the Indian and Southern Oceans, first identified for fine wine by Dr John Gladstones in 1965.",
          "focus": "The six unofficial sub-regions, from Yallingup at the northern tip to Karridale at the southern extreme."
        },
        {
          "kind": "article",
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          "order": 2,
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          "title": "Western Australia: Zones, Regions and Grapes",
          "url": "https://www.winewithseth.com/winewiki/western-australia/",
          "minutes": 9,
          "why": "Step back to Western Australia, where Margaret River is one of six regions in the South West Australia zone and the largest reporting region by crush.",
          "focus": null
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        {
          "kind": "article",
          "key": "article:great-southern",
          "order": 3,
          "slug": "great-southern",
          "title": "Great Southern",
          "url": "https://www.winewithseth.com/winewiki/great-southern/",
          "minutes": 10,
          "why": "Then Great Southern, which the same 1965 Gladstones climate paper identified for fine wine alongside Margaret River.",
          "focus": null
        },
        {
          "kind": "article",
          "key": "article:cabernet-sauvignon",
          "order": 4,
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          "title": "Cabernet Sauvignon",
          "url": "https://www.winewithseth.com/winewiki/cabernet-sauvignon/",
          "minutes": 10,
          "why": "Now the grapes, starting with Cabernet Sauvignon, which Margaret River estates such as Cullen and Leeuwin make with elegance.",
          "focus": null
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        {
          "kind": "article",
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          "title": "Margaret River Cabernet Sauvignon",
          "url": "https://www.winewithseth.com/winewiki/margaret-river-cabernet-sauvignon/",
          "minutes": 10,
          "why": "See it at home in Margaret River Cabernet, from a maritime Mediterranean climate, lateritic ironstone soils and a long, dry growing season.",
          "focus": "The key grapes section on varietal wines and Bordeaux-style blends."
        },
        {
          "kind": "article",
          "key": "article:merlot",
          "order": 6,
          "slug": "merlot",
          "title": "Merlot",
          "url": "https://www.winewithseth.com/winewiki/merlot/",
          "minutes": 9,
          "why": "Merlot, planted in Australia mainly as a supporting partner in Cabernet-led Bordeaux blends, with Margaret River among its sites.",
          "focus": null
        },
        {
          "kind": "article",
          "key": "article:bordeaux-blend",
          "order": 7,
          "slug": "bordeaux-blend",
          "title": "Bordeaux Blend",
          "url": "https://www.winewithseth.com/winewiki/bordeaux-blend/",
          "minutes": 7,
          "why": "Then the Bordeaux blend itself, the six-variety model that winemakers worldwide have adopted, Australia's premium regions among them.",
          "focus": "The section on global Bordeaux blends beyond France."
        },
        {
          "kind": "article",
          "key": "article:chardonnay",
          "order": 8,
          "slug": "chardonnay",
          "title": "Chardonnay",
          "url": "https://www.winewithseth.com/winewiki/chardonnay/",
          "minutes": 8,
          "why": "Turn to the whites with Chardonnay, which counts Australia's Margaret River among its compelling expressions beyond France.",
          "focus": null
        },
        {
          "kind": "article",
          "key": "article:barrel-fermentation-chardonnay-semillon-whites",
          "order": 9,
          "slug": "barrel-fermentation-chardonnay-semillon-whites",
          "title": "Barrel Fermentation (Chardonnay, Sémillon, Whites)",
          "url": "https://www.winewithseth.com/winewiki/barrel-fermentation-chardonnay-semillon-whites/",
          "minutes": 8,
          "why": "Then barrel fermentation, which Leeuwin Estate in Margaret River uses for its Art Series Chardonnay in new French oak barriques.",
          "focus": null
        },
        {
          "kind": "article",
          "key": "article:semillon",
          "order": 10,
          "slug": "semillon",
          "title": "Sémillon",
          "url": "https://www.winewithseth.com/winewiki/semillon/",
          "minutes": 8,
          "why": "Sémillon, which in Margaret River produces richer, rounder styles often blended with Sauvignon Blanc.",
          "focus": null
        },
        {
          "kind": "article",
          "key": "article:sauvignon-blanc",
          "order": 11,
          "slug": "sauvignon-blanc",
          "title": "Sauvignon Blanc",
          "url": "https://www.winewithseth.com/winewiki/sauvignon-blanc/",
          "minutes": 10,
          "why": "Sauvignon Blanc, the other half of that blend, with significant plantings in Margaret River.",
          "focus": null
        },
        {
          "kind": "compare",
          "key": "compare:semillon-vs-sauvignon-blanc",
          "order": 12,
          "slug": "semillon-vs-sauvignon-blanc",
          "title": "Semillon vs Sauvignon Blanc",
          "url": "https://www.winewithseth.com/winewiki/compare/semillon-vs-sauvignon-blanc/",
          "minutes": 9,
          "why": "Set Sémillon and Sauvignon Blanc side by side on origins, climate, flavor, body and aging potential.",
          "focus": null,
          "subjects": [
            {
              "slug": "semillon",
              "title": "Sémillon",
              "url": "https://www.winewithseth.com/winewiki/semillon/"
            },
            {
              "slug": "sauvignon-blanc",
              "title": "Sauvignon Blanc",
              "url": "https://www.winewithseth.com/winewiki/sauvignon-blanc/"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "children": [],
      "related": [
        "australia"
      ],
      "articleUrl": "https://www.winewithseth.com/winewiki/paths/margaret-river/",
      "dataUrl": "https://www.winewithseth.com/winewiki/paths/data/margaret-river.json",
      "shareCards": {
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      },
      "ogImage": "https://www.winewithseth.com/winewiki/og/paths/margaret-river.png"
    },
    {
      "slug": "mosel",
      "title": "Mosel",
      "tagline": "The Prädikat and VDP ladders, Saar, Ruwer, five Middle Mosel sites, the Terrassenmosel, slate, Riesling and Schloss Lieser.",
      "level": "both",
      "parentPath": "germany",
      "group": "countries",
      "groupCrumb": {
        "title": "Countries",
        "url": "https://www.winewithseth.com/winewiki/paths/#countries"
      },
      "breadcrumb": [
        {
          "slug": "germany",
          "title": "Germany",
          "url": "https://www.winewithseth.com/winewiki/paths/germany/"
        },
        {
          "slug": "mosel",
          "title": "Mosel",
          "url": "https://www.winewithseth.com/winewiki/paths/mosel/"
        }
      ],
      "hubSlug": "mosel",
      "hubUrl": "https://www.winewithseth.com/winewiki/mosel/",
      "minutes": 99,
      "stepCount": 14,
      "readingSteps": 14,
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      "verifiedSteps": 14,
      "totalSteps": 14,
      "steps": [
        {
          "kind": "article",
          "key": "article:mosel",
          "order": 1,
          "slug": "mosel",
          "title": "Mosel",
          "url": "https://www.winewithseth.com/winewiki/mosel/",
          "minutes": 9,
          "why": "Start with the region: the Mosel and its Saar and Ruwer tributaries, where Riesling makes up 62.4% of plantings.",
          "focus": "The six official districts, then the vintage weather series linked from this page."
        },
        {
          "kind": "article",
          "key": "article:german-pradikatswein-classification",
          "order": 2,
          "slug": "german-pradikatswein-classification",
          "title": "German Prädikatswein Classification",
          "url": "https://www.winewithseth.com/winewiki/german-pradikatswein-classification/",
          "minutes": 10,
          "why": "Next, the Prädikat ladder, which marks grape ripeness at harvest rather than sweetness in the glass.",
          "focus": "The six levels and their Oechsle minimums."
        },
        {
          "kind": "article",
          "key": "article:vdp-classification",
          "order": 3,
          "slug": "vdp-classification",
          "title": "VDP Classification",
          "url": "https://www.winewithseth.com/winewiki/vdp-classification/",
          "minutes": 7,
          "why": "Then the VDP pyramid, four tiers ranked by vineyard origin, up to Grosse Lage and its dry Grosses Gewächs.",
          "focus": null
        },
        {
          "kind": "article",
          "key": "article:mosel-sub-regions-saar",
          "order": 4,
          "slug": "mosel-sub-regions-saar",
          "title": "Mosel Sub-Regions: Saar (Steep Slate Riesling - Egon Müller Scharzhofberg, Van Volxem)",
          "url": "https://www.winewithseth.com/winewiki/mosel-sub-regions-saar/",
          "minutes": 9,
          "why": "Begin on the Saar, a cool tributary valley of Devonian slate where Riesling covers virtually all quality vineyard land.",
          "focus": "The key villages and the Grosse Lage sites, led by Scharzhofberg."
        },
        {
          "kind": "article",
          "key": "article:mosel-sub-regions-ruwer",
          "order": 5,
          "slug": "mosel-sub-regions-ruwer",
          "title": "Mosel Sub-Regions: Ruwer (Delicate, Mineral - Maximin Grünhaus, Karthäuserhof)",
          "url": "https://www.winewithseth.com/winewiki/mosel-sub-regions-ruwer/",
          "minutes": 9,
          "why": "Then the Ruwer, the Mosel's smallest sub-region at around 190 hectares, with Riesling at roughly 90% of plantings.",
          "focus": null
        },
        {
          "kind": "article",
          "key": "article:piesporter-goldtropfchen",
          "order": 6,
          "slug": "piesporter-goldtropfchen",
          "title": "Piesporter Goldtröpfchen",
          "url": "https://www.winewithseth.com/winewiki/piesporter-goldtropfchen/",
          "minutes": 5,
          "why": "Into the Middle Mosel at Piesporter Goldtröpfchen, the Mosel's largest VDP.Grosse Lage, a south-facing slate amphitheater.",
          "focus": null
        },
        {
          "kind": "article",
          "key": "article:bernkasteler-doctor",
          "order": 7,
          "slug": "bernkasteler-doctor",
          "title": "Bernkasteler Doctor",
          "url": "https://www.winewithseth.com/winewiki/bernkasteler-doctor/",
          "minutes": 6,
          "why": "Next, Bernkasteler Doctor, a 3.25-hectare Riesling site on 45 to 60 percent slate slopes above Bernkastel-Kues.",
          "focus": null
        },
        {
          "kind": "article",
          "key": "article:wehlener-sonnenuhr",
          "order": 8,
          "slug": "wehlener-sonnenuhr",
          "title": "Wehlener Sonnenuhr",
          "url": "https://www.winewithseth.com/winewiki/wehlener-sonnenuhr/",
          "minutes": 6,
          "why": "Then Wehlener Sonnenuhr above the village of Wehlen, named for the sundial Jodocus Prüm set up in 1842.",
          "focus": null
        },
        {
          "kind": "article",
          "key": "article:urziger-wurzgarten",
          "order": 9,
          "slug": "urziger-wurzgarten",
          "title": "Ürziger Würzgarten",
          "url": "https://www.winewithseth.com/winewiki/urziger-wurzgarten/",
          "minutes": 5,
          "why": "In Ürzig, the Würzgarten swaps the usual Mosel slate for red volcanic Rotliegend, credited with its spicy Rieslings.",
          "focus": null
        },
        {
          "kind": "article",
          "key": "article:erdener-pralat",
          "order": 10,
          "slug": "erdener-pralat",
          "title": "Erdener Prälat",
          "url": "https://www.winewithseth.com/winewiki/erdener-pralat/",
          "minutes": 5,
          "why": "In Erden, the 1.5-hectare Prälat grows Riesling on iron-rich red slate between the river and cliff faces.",
          "focus": null
        },
        {
          "kind": "article",
          "key": "article:terrassenmosel-lower-mosel-winningen",
          "order": 11,
          "slug": "terrassenmosel-lower-mosel-winningen",
          "title": "Terrassenmosel: Lower Mosel (Winningen - Uhlen Laubach GG, Röttgen; Heymann-Löwenstein, Reinhard & Beate Knebel)",
          "url": "https://www.winewithseth.com/winewiki/terrassenmosel-lower-mosel-winningen/",
          "minutes": 7,
          "why": "Finish the valley in the Terrassenmosel near Koblenz, where dry-stone slate terraces give structured Riesling closely associated with dry styles.",
          "focus": null
        },
        {
          "kind": "article",
          "key": "article:slate-blue-devonian-slate-mosel",
          "order": 12,
          "slug": "slate-blue-devonian-slate-mosel",
          "title": "Slate / Blue Devonian Slate (Mosel: Heat Absorption; Petrol in Aged Riesling)",
          "url": "https://www.winewithseth.com/winewiki/slate-blue-devonian-slate-mosel/",
          "minutes": 8,
          "why": "Now the soil: how blue Devonian slate stores the day's heat for ripening, and where the petrol note in aged Riesling comes from.",
          "focus": "The heat absorption section, then the TDN science."
        },
        {
          "kind": "article",
          "key": "article:riesling",
          "order": 13,
          "slug": "riesling",
          "title": "Riesling",
          "url": "https://www.winewithseth.com/winewiki/riesling/",
          "minutes": 8,
          "why": "Then the grape, with around 5,266 hectares in the Mosel and styles from bone-dry Trocken to noble-rot dessert wines.",
          "focus": null
        },
        {
          "kind": "article",
          "key": "article:schloss-lieser",
          "order": 14,
          "slug": "schloss-lieser",
          "title": "Weingut Schloss Lieser",
          "url": "https://www.winewithseth.com/winewiki/schloss-lieser/",
          "minutes": 5,
          "why": "Close with a producer: a Riesling estate in Lieser whose eight VDP.Grosse Lagen include the Doctor, Goldtröpfchen and Wehlener Sonnenuhr.",
          "focus": null
        }
      ],
      "children": [],
      "related": [
        "germany"
      ],
      "articleUrl": "https://www.winewithseth.com/winewiki/paths/mosel/",
      "dataUrl": "https://www.winewithseth.com/winewiki/paths/data/mosel.json",
      "shareCards": {
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      },
      "ogImage": "https://www.winewithseth.com/winewiki/og/paths/mosel.png"
    },
    {
      "slug": "piedmont",
      "title": "Piedmont",
      "tagline": "Nebbiolo, Barolo and Barbaresco, then the Barbera, Dolcetto, Cortese and Moscato wines around them.",
      "level": "both",
      "parentPath": "italy",
      "group": "countries",
      "groupCrumb": {
        "title": "Countries",
        "url": "https://www.winewithseth.com/winewiki/paths/#countries"
      },
      "breadcrumb": [
        {
          "slug": "italy",
          "title": "Italy",
          "url": "https://www.winewithseth.com/winewiki/paths/italy/"
        },
        {
          "slug": "piedmont",
          "title": "Piedmont",
          "url": "https://www.winewithseth.com/winewiki/paths/piedmont/"
        }
      ],
      "hubSlug": "piedmont",
      "hubUrl": "https://www.winewithseth.com/winewiki/piedmont/",
      "minutes": 127,
      "stepCount": 18,
      "readingSteps": 18,
      "verified": true,
      "verifiedAt": "2026-09-29",
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      "totalSteps": 18,
      "steps": [
        {
          "kind": "article",
          "key": "article:piedmont",
          "order": 1,
          "slug": "piedmont",
          "title": "Piedmont",
          "url": "https://www.winewithseth.com/winewiki/piedmont/",
          "minutes": 6,
          "why": "Start with the region in Italy's northwest and its indigenous reds.",
          "focus": null
        },
        {
          "kind": "article",
          "key": "article:nebbiolo",
          "order": 2,
          "slug": "nebbiolo",
          "title": "Nebbiolo",
          "url": "https://www.winewithseth.com/winewiki/nebbiolo/",
          "minutes": 9,
          "why": "Meet the grape behind Barolo and Barbaresco: high in tannin and acid, native to Piedmont.",
          "focus": null
        },
        {
          "kind": "article",
          "key": "article:barolo-docg",
          "order": 3,
          "slug": "barolo-docg",
          "title": "Barolo DOCG",
          "url": "https://www.winewithseth.com/winewiki/barolo-docg/",
          "minutes": 10,
          "why": "See Nebbiolo in Barolo, across its 11 commune-level mentions and its registered Menzioni Geografiche Aggiuntive.",
          "focus": "The communes and MGAs, then the vintage weather series linked from this page."
        },
        {
          "kind": "article",
          "key": "article:barbaresco-docg",
          "order": 4,
          "slug": "barbaresco-docg",
          "title": "Barbaresco DOCG",
          "url": "https://www.winewithseth.com/winewiki/barbaresco-docg/",
          "minutes": 7,
          "why": "Then Barbaresco, the other 100 percent Nebbiolo DOCG, on four communes around the Tanaro.",
          "focus": null
        },
        {
          "kind": "compare",
          "key": "compare:barolo-vs-barbaresco",
          "order": 5,
          "slug": "barolo-vs-barbaresco",
          "title": "Barolo vs Barbaresco",
          "url": "https://www.winewithseth.com/winewiki/compare/barolo-vs-barbaresco/",
          "minutes": 7,
          "why": "Set Barolo and Barbaresco side by side: soils, communes and MGAs, aging requirements and style.",
          "focus": null,
          "subjects": [
            {
              "slug": "barolo-docg",
              "title": "Barolo DOCG",
              "url": "https://www.winewithseth.com/winewiki/barolo-docg/"
            },
            {
              "slug": "barbaresco-docg",
              "title": "Barbaresco DOCG",
              "url": "https://www.winewithseth.com/winewiki/barbaresco-docg/"
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          ]
        },
        {
          "kind": "article",
          "key": "article:langhe-doc",
          "order": 6,
          "slug": "langhe-doc",
          "title": "Langhe DOC",
          "url": "https://www.winewithseth.com/winewiki/langhe-doc/",
          "minutes": 7,
          "why": "Step out to Langhe DOC, which covers the wines made outside the Barolo and Barbaresco rules.",
          "focus": null
        },
        {
          "kind": "article",
          "key": "article:roero-docg-arneis-whites-nebbiolo-reds",
          "order": 7,
          "slug": "roero-docg-arneis-whites-nebbiolo-reds",
          "title": "Roero DOCG",
          "url": "https://www.winewithseth.com/winewiki/roero-docg-arneis-whites-nebbiolo-reds/",
          "minutes": 7,
          "why": "Cross the Tanaro to Roero, with sandy soils, Nebbiolo reds and Arneis whites.",
          "focus": null
        },
        {
          "kind": "article",
          "key": "article:barbera",
          "order": 8,
          "slug": "barbera",
          "title": "Barbera",
          "url": "https://www.winewithseth.com/winewiki/barbera/",
          "minutes": 8,
          "why": "Turn to Barbera, a grape with high acidity and low tannin.",
          "focus": null
        },
        {
          "kind": "article",
          "key": "article:barbera-dasti-docg",
          "order": 9,
          "slug": "barbera-dasti-docg",
          "title": "Barbera d'Asti DOCG",
          "url": "https://www.winewithseth.com/winewiki/barbera-dasti-docg/",
          "minutes": 7,
          "why": "See Barbera at home in Barbera d'Asti, across the Asti and Alessandria provinces.",
          "focus": null
        },
        {
          "kind": "article",
          "key": "article:dolcetto",
          "order": 10,
          "slug": "dolcetto",
          "title": "Dolcetto",
          "url": "https://www.winewithseth.com/winewiki/dolcetto/",
          "minutes": 8,
          "why": "Next, Dolcetto, a deeply colored red with a bitter almond finish.",
          "focus": null
        },
        {
          "kind": "compare",
          "key": "compare:barbera-vs-dolcetto",
          "order": 11,
          "slug": "barbera-vs-dolcetto",
          "title": "Barbera vs Dolcetto",
          "url": "https://www.winewithseth.com/winewiki/compare/barbera-vs-dolcetto/",
          "minutes": 7,
          "why": "Compare Barbera and Dolcetto on ripening, flavor, structure and where each is classified.",
          "focus": null,
          "subjects": [
            {
              "slug": "barbera",
              "title": "Barbera",
              "url": "https://www.winewithseth.com/winewiki/barbera/"
            },
            {
              "slug": "dolcetto",
              "title": "Dolcetto",
              "url": "https://www.winewithseth.com/winewiki/dolcetto/"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "kind": "article",
          "key": "article:cortese",
          "order": 12,
          "slug": "cortese",
          "title": "Cortese",
          "url": "https://www.winewithseth.com/winewiki/cortese/",
          "minutes": 3,
          "why": "Move to the whites with Cortese, native to southeastern Piedmont.",
          "focus": null
        },
        {
          "kind": "article",
          "key": "article:gavi-cortese-di-gavi-docg",
          "order": 13,
          "slug": "gavi-cortese-di-gavi-docg",
          "title": "Gavi / Cortese di Gavi DOCG",
          "url": "https://www.winewithseth.com/winewiki/gavi-cortese-di-gavi-docg/",
          "minutes": 8,
          "why": "See Cortese in Gavi, its DOCG of 11 communes near the Ligurian border.",
          "focus": null
        },
        {
          "kind": "article",
          "key": "article:moscato-dasti-docg",
          "order": 14,
          "slug": "moscato-dasti-docg",
          "title": "Moscato d'Asti DOCG",
          "url": "https://www.winewithseth.com/winewiki/moscato-dasti-docg/",
          "minutes": 8,
          "why": "Then Moscato d'Asti, lightly sparkling and sweet, with low alcohol.",
          "focus": null
        },
        {
          "kind": "article",
          "key": "article:asti-spumante-docg",
          "order": 15,
          "slug": "asti-spumante-docg",
          "title": "Asti DOCG",
          "url": "https://www.winewithseth.com/winewiki/asti-spumante-docg/",
          "minutes": 8,
          "why": "Its fully sparkling sibling, Asti, from Moscato Bianco made by the Martinotti method.",
          "focus": null
        },
        {
          "kind": "article",
          "key": "article:alta-langa-docg-sparkling-metodo-classico",
          "order": 16,
          "slug": "alta-langa-docg-sparkling-metodo-classico",
          "title": "Alta Langa DOCG",
          "url": "https://www.winewithseth.com/winewiki/alta-langa-docg-sparkling-metodo-classico/",
          "minutes": 7,
          "why": "Close the wines with Alta Langa, Piedmont's traditional method sparkling appellation.",
          "focus": null
        },
        {
          "kind": "article",
          "key": "article:giacomo-conterno",
          "order": 17,
          "slug": "giacomo-conterno",
          "title": "Giacomo Conterno",
          "url": "https://www.winewithseth.com/winewiki/giacomo-conterno/",
          "minutes": 4,
          "why": "Now producers: a Monforte d'Alba Barolo house behind Monfortino.",
          "focus": null
        },
        {
          "kind": "article",
          "key": "article:gaja",
          "order": 18,
          "slug": "gaja",
          "title": "Gaja",
          "url": "https://www.winewithseth.com/winewiki/gaja/",
          "minutes": 6,
          "why": "Finish in Barbaresco with a family estate known for its single crus.",
          "focus": null
        }
      ],
      "children": [],
      "related": [
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      ],
      "articleUrl": "https://www.winewithseth.com/winewiki/paths/piedmont/",
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    },
    {
      "slug": "priorat",
      "title": "Priorat",
      "tagline": "Priorat's llicorella slate and terraces, Garnacha and Cariñena, Montsant next door and a Ribera del Duero comparison.",
      "level": "both",
      "parentPath": "spain",
      "group": "countries",
      "groupCrumb": {
        "title": "Countries",
        "url": "https://www.winewithseth.com/winewiki/paths/#countries"
      },
      "breadcrumb": [
        {
          "slug": "spain",
          "title": "Spain",
          "url": "https://www.winewithseth.com/winewiki/paths/spain/"
        },
        {
          "slug": "priorat",
          "title": "Priorat",
          "url": "https://www.winewithseth.com/winewiki/paths/priorat/"
        }
      ],
      "hubSlug": "priorat-doq",
      "hubUrl": "https://www.winewithseth.com/winewiki/priorat-doq/",
      "minutes": 103,
      "stepCount": 12,
      "readingSteps": 12,
      "verified": false,
      "verifiedAt": null,
      "verifiedSteps": 10,
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      "steps": [
        {
          "kind": "article",
          "key": "article:priorat-doq",
          "order": 1,
          "slug": "priorat-doq",
          "title": "Priorat DOQ",
          "url": "https://www.winewithseth.com/winewiki/priorat-doq/",
          "minutes": 9,
          "why": "Start with Priorat, one of Spain's two DOCa regions (DOQ in Catalan), revived from 1989 by five pioneers in Gratallops.",
          "focus": "The five-tier Vinya Classificada hierarchy and the twelve village zones of Vi de Vila."
        },
        {
          "kind": "article",
          "key": "article:vi-de-finca",
          "order": 2,
          "slug": "vi-de-finca",
          "title": "Vi de Finca (Catalonia's Qualified Estate Wine Distinction)",
          "url": "https://www.winewithseth.com/winewiki/vi-de-finca/",
          "minutes": 8,
          "why": "Next, Vi de Finca, Catalonia's single-vineyard classification from 2002, a philosophy pioneered in Priorat.",
          "focus": null
        },
        {
          "kind": "article",
          "key": "article:llicorella-priorat-schist",
          "order": 3,
          "slug": "llicorella-priorat-schist",
          "title": "Llicorella Terroir",
          "url": "https://www.winewithseth.com/winewiki/llicorella-priorat-schist/",
          "minutes": 8,
          "why": "Then llicorella, the fissured slate with bedrock about 10 to 15 centimetres below the surface, that forces vine roots to work between its laminar sheets for moisture.",
          "focus": null
        },
        {
          "kind": "article",
          "key": "article:schist",
          "order": 4,
          "slug": "schist",
          "title": "Schist Soils (Douro, Priorat, Swartland, Mosel)",
          "url": "https://www.winewithseth.com/winewiki/schist/",
          "minutes": 9,
          "why": "Place llicorella in the wider family of schist soils, shared with the Douro, Swartland and Mosel.",
          "focus": null
        },
        {
          "kind": "article",
          "key": "article:terraced-vineyards-history-function",
          "order": 5,
          "slug": "terraced-vineyards-history-function",
          "title": "Terraced Vineyards: History and Function (Douro, Priorat, Mosel, Cinque Terre)",
          "url": "https://www.winewithseth.com/winewiki/terraced-vineyards-history-function/",
          "minutes": 9,
          "why": "See how the narrow terraces called costers hold Priorat's llicorella slopes, alongside terraces in the Douro, Mosel and Cinque Terre.",
          "focus": null
        },
        {
          "kind": "article",
          "key": "article:grenache-garnacha",
          "order": 6,
          "slug": "grenache-garnacha",
          "title": "Grenache / Garnacha",
          "url": "https://www.winewithseth.com/winewiki/grenache-garnacha/",
          "minutes": 7,
          "why": "Now the grapes: Garnacha, whose intense, minerally top wines from the schists of Priorat Jancis Robinson credits with dramatically reviving its reputation in Spain.",
          "focus": null
        },
        {
          "kind": "article",
          "key": "article:carignan",
          "order": 7,
          "slug": "carignan",
          "title": "Carignan",
          "url": "https://www.winewithseth.com/winewiki/carignan/",
          "minutes": 7,
          "why": "Carignan, called Samsó in Priorat and Mazuelo in Rioja, likely named after the town of Cariñena in Aragón.",
          "focus": null
        },
        {
          "kind": "article",
          "key": "article:garnacha-blanca",
          "order": 8,
          "slug": "garnacha-blanca",
          "title": "Garnacha Blanca",
          "url": "https://www.winewithseth.com/winewiki/garnacha-blanca/",
          "minutes": 7,
          "why": "Among the permitted whites, Garnacha Blanca, a white mutation of Garnacha to which llicorella lends a saline, mineral intensity.",
          "focus": null
        },
        {
          "kind": "article",
          "key": "article:montsant-do",
          "order": 9,
          "slug": "montsant-do",
          "title": "Montsant DO",
          "url": "https://www.winewithseth.com/winewiki/montsant-do/",
          "minutes": 10,
          "why": "Step next door to Montsant, which almost completely surrounds Priorat and grows Grenache and Carignan.",
          "focus": null
        },
        {
          "kind": "article",
          "key": "article:catalonia",
          "order": 10,
          "slug": "catalonia",
          "title": "Catalonia: Appellations, Sub-regions and Grapes",
          "url": "https://www.winewithseth.com/winewiki/catalonia/",
          "minutes": 11,
          "why": "Zoom out to Catalonia, where INCAVI lists twelve denominations of origin and Priorat is the only qualified one.",
          "focus": null
        },
        {
          "kind": "article",
          "key": "article:ribera-del-duero-do",
          "order": 11,
          "slug": "ribera-del-duero-do",
          "title": "Ribera del Duero DO",
          "url": "https://www.winewithseth.com/winewiki/ribera-del-duero-do/",
          "minutes": 11,
          "why": "Leave Catalonia for Ribera del Duero on the plateau of Castile and León, a Tempranillo region, to set up a comparison.",
          "focus": null
        },
        {
          "kind": "compare",
          "key": "compare:priorat-vs-ribera-del-duero",
          "order": 12,
          "slug": "priorat-vs-ribera-del-duero",
          "title": "Priorat vs Ribera del Duero",
          "url": "https://www.winewithseth.com/winewiki/compare/priorat-vs-ribera-del-duero/",
          "minutes": 7,
          "why": "Compare Priorat with Ribera del Duero on climate, soil, grapes, classification and scale.",
          "focus": null,
          "subjects": [
            {
              "slug": "priorat-doq",
              "title": "Priorat DOQ",
              "url": "https://www.winewithseth.com/winewiki/priorat-doq/"
            },
            {
              "slug": "ribera-del-duero-do",
              "title": "Ribera del Duero DO",
              "url": "https://www.winewithseth.com/winewiki/ribera-del-duero-do/"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "children": [],
      "related": [
        "spain"
      ],
      "articleUrl": "https://www.winewithseth.com/winewiki/paths/priorat/",
      "dataUrl": "https://www.winewithseth.com/winewiki/paths/data/priorat.json",
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      },
      "ogImage": "https://www.winewithseth.com/winewiki/og/paths/priorat.png"
    },
    {
      "slug": "rheingau",
      "title": "Rheingau",
      "tagline": "The Prädikat and VDP ladders, eight Rheingau sites from Assmannshausen to Hochheim, then Riesling and Spätburgunder.",
      "level": "both",
      "parentPath": "germany",
      "group": "countries",
      "groupCrumb": {
        "title": "Countries",
        "url": "https://www.winewithseth.com/winewiki/paths/#countries"
      },
      "breadcrumb": [
        {
          "slug": "germany",
          "title": "Germany",
          "url": "https://www.winewithseth.com/winewiki/paths/germany/"
        },
        {
          "slug": "rheingau",
          "title": "Rheingau",
          "url": "https://www.winewithseth.com/winewiki/paths/rheingau/"
        }
      ],
      "hubSlug": "rheingau",
      "hubUrl": "https://www.winewithseth.com/winewiki/rheingau/",
      "minutes": 96,
      "stepCount": 13,
      "readingSteps": 13,
      "verified": true,
      "verifiedAt": "2026-09-29",
      "verifiedSteps": 13,
      "totalSteps": 13,
      "steps": [
        {
          "kind": "article",
          "key": "article:rheingau",
          "order": 1,
          "slug": "rheingau",
          "title": "Rheingau",
          "url": "https://www.winewithseth.com/winewiki/rheingau/",
          "minutes": 10,
          "why": "Start with the region, where the Rhine flows east to west and 90 percent of the vineyards face south.",
          "focus": "The soils by village, from the red slate around Assmannshausen and Lorch to Hochheim on the Main."
        },
        {
          "kind": "article",
          "key": "article:german-pradikatswein-classification",
          "order": 2,
          "slug": "german-pradikatswein-classification",
          "title": "German Prädikatswein Classification",
          "url": "https://www.winewithseth.com/winewiki/german-pradikatswein-classification/",
          "minutes": 10,
          "why": "Next, the Prädikat ladder, six levels of grape ripeness at harvest measured on the Oechsle scale.",
          "focus": "The section on sweetness, dryness and style on the label."
        },
        {
          "kind": "article",
          "key": "article:vdp-classification",
          "order": 3,
          "slug": "vdp-classification",
          "title": "VDP Classification",
          "url": "https://www.winewithseth.com/winewiki/vdp-classification/",
          "minutes": 7,
          "why": "Then the VDP pyramid, four tiers ranked by vineyard origin, from an association whose 1910 founding bodies included the Rheingau.",
          "focus": null
        },
        {
          "kind": "article",
          "key": "article:assmannshausen-hollenberg-pinot-noir-red-germanys-most-celebrated-red-rheingau",
          "order": 4,
          "slug": "assmannshausen-hollenberg-pinot-noir-red-germanys-most-celebrated-red-rheingau",
          "title": "Assmannshausen: Höllenberg (Pinot Noir, Rheingau)",
          "url": "https://www.winewithseth.com/winewiki/assmannshausen-hollenberg-pinot-noir-red-germanys-most-celebrated-red-rheingau/",
          "minutes": 7,
          "why": "Begin at Assmannshausen, where the Höllenberg grows Spätburgunder on purple phyllite slate in a side valley of the Rhine.",
          "focus": null
        },
        {
          "kind": "article",
          "key": "article:rudesheim-berg-roseneck-berg-rottland-berg-schlossberg",
          "order": 5,
          "slug": "rudesheim-berg-roseneck-berg-rottland-berg-schlossberg",
          "title": "Rüdesheim Berg (Berg Schlossberg, Berg Rottland, Berg Roseneck)",
          "url": "https://www.winewithseth.com/winewiki/rudesheim-berg-roseneck-berg-rottland-berg-schlossberg/",
          "minutes": 7,
          "why": "Then Rüdesheim Berg, the steepest site in the Rheingau: four VDP Grosse Lagen planted more than 90% to Riesling.",
          "focus": "How the soils differ between Berg Schlossberg, Berg Rottland and Berg Roseneck."
        },
        {
          "kind": "article",
          "key": "article:geisenheim-rothenberg",
          "order": 6,
          "slug": "geisenheim-rothenberg",
          "title": "Geisenheimer Rothenberg",
          "url": "https://www.winewithseth.com/winewiki/geisenheim-rothenberg/",
          "minutes": 5,
          "why": "Next, Geisenheimer Rothenberg, named for its red iron oxide soils and holder of a 340 Oechsle German must weight record from 2011.",
          "focus": null
        },
        {
          "kind": "article",
          "key": "article:steinberg",
          "order": 7,
          "slug": "steinberg",
          "title": "Hattenheim Steinberg",
          "url": "https://www.winewithseth.com/winewiki/steinberg/",
          "minutes": 6,
          "why": "Then the Steinberg at Hattenheim, a 32.4-hectare walled monopole founded by Cistercian monks around 1170.",
          "focus": null
        },
        {
          "kind": "article",
          "key": "article:erbach-marcobrunn-benchmark-rheingau-gg",
          "order": 8,
          "slug": "erbach-marcobrunn-benchmark-rheingau-gg",
          "title": "Erbach: Marcobrunn (Rheingau Grosse Lage)",
          "url": "https://www.winewithseth.com/winewiki/erbach-marcobrunn-benchmark-rheingau-gg/",
          "minutes": 8,
          "why": "Next, Marcobrunn on the Erbach and Hattenheim boundary, where marl and loess-loam soils give fuller-bodied Riesling.",
          "focus": null
        },
        {
          "kind": "article",
          "key": "article:kiedricher-grafenberg",
          "order": 9,
          "slug": "kiedricher-grafenberg",
          "title": "Kiedricher Gräfenberg",
          "url": "https://www.winewithseth.com/winewiki/kiedricher-grafenberg/",
          "minutes": 6,
          "why": "Then Kiedricher Gräfenberg, Robert Weil's Riesling monopole in a sheltered side valley above Kiedrich.",
          "focus": "The full Prädikat ladder the estate releases from this one site."
        },
        {
          "kind": "article",
          "key": "article:rauenthal-baiken-gehrn",
          "order": 10,
          "slug": "rauenthal-baiken-gehrn",
          "title": "Rauenthal (Baiken & Gehrn)",
          "url": "https://www.winewithseth.com/winewiki/rauenthal-baiken-gehrn/",
          "minutes": 6,
          "why": "Then Rauenthal in the Taunus foothills, where the Baiken and Gehrn vineyards sit at 135 to 300 meters over phyllite slate.",
          "focus": null
        },
        {
          "kind": "article",
          "key": "article:hochheim-domdechaney-hochheimer-kirchenstuck",
          "order": 11,
          "slug": "hochheim-domdechaney-hochheimer-kirchenstuck",
          "title": "Hochheim am Main",
          "url": "https://www.winewithseth.com/winewiki/hochheim-domdechaney-hochheimer-kirchenstuck/",
          "minutes": 8,
          "why": "Finish at Hochheim am Main, the eastern edge of the Rheingau, on limestone-marl and loess-loam soils and the source of the word Hock.",
          "focus": null
        },
        {
          "kind": "article",
          "key": "article:riesling",
          "order": 12,
          "slug": "riesling",
          "title": "Riesling",
          "url": "https://www.winewithseth.com/winewiki/riesling/",
          "minutes": 8,
          "why": "Now the grapes, starting with Riesling, first recorded in 1435 and made in styles from bone-dry Trocken to noble-rot dessert wines.",
          "focus": null
        },
        {
          "kind": "article",
          "key": "article:pinot-noir",
          "order": 13,
          "slug": "pinot-noir",
          "title": "Pinot Noir",
          "url": "https://www.winewithseth.com/winewiki/pinot-noir/",
          "minutes": 8,
          "why": "Then Pinot Noir, known in Germany as Spätburgunder, a thin-skinned grape that needs a cool climate.",
          "focus": "The key facts on German plantings."
        }
      ],
      "children": [],
      "related": [
        "germany"
      ],
      "articleUrl": "https://www.winewithseth.com/winewiki/paths/rheingau/",
      "dataUrl": "https://www.winewithseth.com/winewiki/paths/data/rheingau.json",
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      "ogImage": "https://www.winewithseth.com/winewiki/og/paths/rheingau.png"
    },
    {
      "slug": "rhone",
      "title": "Rhône",
      "tagline": "The Côtes du Rhône ladder, Northern Rhône Syrah and Viognier, Southern Rhône Grenache, and two verified producers.",
      "level": "both",
      "parentPath": "france",
      "group": "countries",
      "groupCrumb": {
        "title": "Countries",
        "url": "https://www.winewithseth.com/winewiki/paths/#countries"
      },
      "breadcrumb": [
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          "slug": "france",
          "title": "France",
          "url": "https://www.winewithseth.com/winewiki/paths/france/"
        },
        {
          "slug": "rhone",
          "title": "Rhône",
          "url": "https://www.winewithseth.com/winewiki/paths/rhone/"
        }
      ],
      "hubSlug": "rhone-valley",
      "hubUrl": "https://www.winewithseth.com/winewiki/rhone-valley/",
      "minutes": 128,
      "stepCount": 16,
      "readingSteps": 16,
      "verified": true,
      "verifiedAt": "2026-09-29",
      "verifiedSteps": 16,
      "totalSteps": 16,
      "steps": [
        {
          "kind": "article",
          "key": "article:rhone-valley",
          "order": 1,
          "slug": "rhone-valley",
          "title": "Rhône Valley",
          "url": "https://www.winewithseth.com/winewiki/rhone-valley/",
          "minutes": 8,
          "why": "Start with the valley: about 240 kilometres along the Rhône, split into the Northern Rhône and the far larger Southern Rhône.",
          "focus": "The north and south split, then the vintage weather series linked from this page."
        },
        {
          "kind": "article",
          "key": "article:cotes-du-rhone-aoc",
          "order": 2,
          "slug": "cotes-du-rhone-aoc",
          "title": "Côtes du Rhône AOC",
          "url": "https://www.winewithseth.com/winewiki/cotes-du-rhone-aoc/",
          "minutes": 9,
          "why": "Next, the foundational appellation and the quality tiers that rise above it.",
          "focus": "The pyramid from Côtes du Rhône through Côtes du Rhône Villages to the individual crus."
        },
        {
          "kind": "article",
          "key": "article:northern-rhone-syrah-viognier-country",
          "order": 3,
          "slug": "northern-rhone-syrah-viognier-country",
          "title": "Northern Rhône: Syrah and Viognier Country",
          "url": "https://www.winewithseth.com/winewiki/northern-rhone-syrah-viognier-country/",
          "minutes": 9,
          "why": "Begin in the Northern Rhône, where Syrah is the sole permitted red grape and Viognier makes Condrieu.",
          "focus": "The run of appellations from Vienne to Valence, then the vintage weather series linked from this page."
        },
        {
          "kind": "article",
          "key": "article:cote-rotie-aoc",
          "order": 4,
          "slug": "cote-rotie-aoc",
          "title": "Côte-Rôtie AOC",
          "url": "https://www.winewithseth.com/winewiki/cote-rotie-aoc/",
          "minutes": 8,
          "why": "Start the crus with Côte-Rôtie, the northernmost quality appellation, where Syrah may be co-fermented with up to 20 percent Viognier.",
          "focus": null
        },
        {
          "kind": "article",
          "key": "article:condrieu-aoc-100-viognier-world-benchmark",
          "order": 5,
          "slug": "condrieu-aoc-100-viognier-world-benchmark",
          "title": "Condrieu AOC (100% Viognier, Northern Rhône)",
          "url": "https://www.winewithseth.com/winewiki/condrieu-aoc-100-viognier-world-benchmark/",
          "minutes": 9,
          "why": "Then Condrieu, still white wine from 100 percent Viognier on steep, terraced granite slopes.",
          "focus": null
        },
        {
          "kind": "article",
          "key": "article:hermitage-aoc",
          "order": 6,
          "slug": "hermitage-aoc",
          "title": "Hermitage AOC",
          "url": "https://www.winewithseth.com/winewiki/hermitage-aoc/",
          "minutes": 9,
          "why": "Next, Hermitage: about 136 hectares of steep, terraced vineyards on the east bank of the Rhône.",
          "focus": null
        },
        {
          "kind": "article",
          "key": "article:crozes-hermitage-aoc",
          "order": 7,
          "slug": "crozes-hermitage-aoc",
          "title": "Crozes-Hermitage AOC",
          "url": "https://www.winewithseth.com/winewiki/crozes-hermitage-aoc/",
          "minutes": 6,
          "why": "Crozes-Hermitage, the largest Northern Rhône appellation, surrounds the Hermitage hill and is mostly Syrah red.",
          "focus": null
        },
        {
          "kind": "article",
          "key": "article:syrah-shiraz",
          "order": 8,
          "slug": "syrah-shiraz",
          "title": "Syrah / Shiraz",
          "url": "https://www.winewithseth.com/winewiki/syrah-shiraz/",
          "minutes": 11,
          "why": "Meet the northern grape, Syrah, which originates in the Northern Rhône, and its two style archetypes.",
          "focus": null
        },
        {
          "kind": "article",
          "key": "article:viognier",
          "order": 9,
          "slug": "viognier",
          "title": "Viognier",
          "url": "https://www.winewithseth.com/winewiki/viognier/",
          "minutes": 7,
          "why": "Then Viognier, the aromatic white that is the sole permitted grape in Condrieu and Château-Grillet.",
          "focus": null
        },
        {
          "kind": "article",
          "key": "article:southern-rhone-grenache-dominant-blends",
          "order": 10,
          "slug": "southern-rhone-grenache-dominant-blends",
          "title": "Southern Rhône (Grenache-dominant blends)",
          "url": "https://www.winewithseth.com/winewiki/southern-rhone-grenache-dominant-blends/",
          "minutes": 7,
          "why": "Move to the Southern Rhône, from Montélimar to Avignon, and its Grenache-dominant blends.",
          "focus": "The nine southern crus, then the vintage weather series linked from this page."
        },
        {
          "kind": "compare",
          "key": "compare:northern-rhone-vs-southern-rhone",
          "order": 11,
          "slug": "northern-rhone-vs-southern-rhone",
          "title": "Northern Rhone vs Southern Rhone",
          "url": "https://www.winewithseth.com/winewiki/compare/northern-rhone-vs-southern-rhone/",
          "minutes": 6,
          "why": "Set the two halves side by side: climate, soil, grapes, appellations, aging potential and AOC rules.",
          "focus": null,
          "subjects": [
            {
              "slug": "northern-rhone-syrah-viognier-country",
              "title": "Northern Rhône",
              "url": "https://www.winewithseth.com/winewiki/northern-rhone-syrah-viognier-country/"
            },
            {
              "slug": "southern-rhone-grenache-dominant-blends",
              "title": "Southern Rhône",
              "url": "https://www.winewithseth.com/winewiki/southern-rhone-grenache-dominant-blends/"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "kind": "article",
          "key": "article:chateauneuf-du-pape-aoc",
          "order": 12,
          "slug": "chateauneuf-du-pape-aoc",
          "title": "Châteauneuf-du-Pape AOC",
          "url": "https://www.winewithseth.com/winewiki/chateauneuf-du-pape-aoc/",
          "minutes": 10,
          "why": "See the south in Châteauneuf-du-Pape, with its galets roulés and up to 13 varieties.",
          "focus": null
        },
        {
          "kind": "article",
          "key": "article:gigondas-aoc",
          "order": 13,
          "slug": "gigondas-aoc",
          "title": "Gigondas AOC: Complex Grenache-Based Reds from the Dentelles de Montmirail",
          "url": "https://www.winewithseth.com/winewiki/gigondas-aoc/",
          "minutes": 9,
          "why": "Then Gigondas, the first Côtes du Rhône Villages wine to earn independent cru status.",
          "focus": null
        },
        {
          "kind": "article",
          "key": "article:grenache-garnacha",
          "order": 14,
          "slug": "grenache-garnacha",
          "title": "Grenache / Garnacha",
          "url": "https://www.winewithseth.com/winewiki/grenache-garnacha/",
          "minutes": 7,
          "why": "Meet the southern grape, Grenache: high alcohol potential, low acidity, strawberry and raspberry aromas.",
          "focus": null
        },
        {
          "kind": "article",
          "key": "article:domaine-jean-louis-chave",
          "order": 15,
          "slug": "domaine-jean-louis-chave",
          "title": "Domaine Jean-Louis Chave",
          "url": "https://www.winewithseth.com/winewiki/domaine-jean-louis-chave/",
          "minutes": 6,
          "why": "Now producers: a family domaine known for its red and white Hermitage, blended from parcels including Le Méal and Les Bessards.",
          "focus": null
        },
        {
          "kind": "article",
          "key": "article:domaine-du-vieux-telegraphe",
          "order": 16,
          "slug": "domaine-du-vieux-telegraphe",
          "title": "Domaine du Vieux Télégraphe",
          "url": "https://www.winewithseth.com/winewiki/domaine-du-vieux-telegraphe/",
          "minutes": 7,
          "why": "Finish in Châteauneuf-du-Pape with the Brunier family estate and its flagship red from the stony Plateau de la Crau.",
          "focus": null
        }
      ],
      "children": [],
      "related": [
        "france"
      ],
      "articleUrl": "https://www.winewithseth.com/winewiki/paths/rhone/",
      "dataUrl": "https://www.winewithseth.com/winewiki/paths/data/rhone.json",
      "shareCards": {
        "square": "https://www.winewithseth.com/winewiki/share/paths/rhone-square.png",
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      },
      "ogImage": "https://www.winewithseth.com/winewiki/og/paths/rhone.png"
    },
    {
      "slug": "rioja",
      "title": "Rioja",
      "tagline": "Rioja's three sub-zones and aging tiers, four of its grapes, American oak and three verified houses.",
      "level": "both",
      "parentPath": "spain",
      "group": "countries",
      "groupCrumb": {
        "title": "Countries",
        "url": "https://www.winewithseth.com/winewiki/paths/#countries"
      },
      "breadcrumb": [
        {
          "slug": "spain",
          "title": "Spain",
          "url": "https://www.winewithseth.com/winewiki/paths/spain/"
        },
        {
          "slug": "rioja",
          "title": "Rioja",
          "url": "https://www.winewithseth.com/winewiki/paths/rioja/"
        }
      ],
      "hubSlug": "rioja-doca",
      "hubUrl": "https://www.winewithseth.com/winewiki/rioja-doca/",
      "minutes": 91,
      "stepCount": 13,
      "readingSteps": 13,
      "verified": false,
      "verifiedAt": null,
      "verifiedSteps": 10,
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      "steps": [
        {
          "kind": "article",
          "key": "article:rioja-doca",
          "order": 1,
          "slug": "rioja-doca",
          "title": "Rioja DOCa",
          "url": "https://www.winewithseth.com/winewiki/rioja-doca/",
          "minutes": 11,
          "why": "Start with Rioja, Spain's first DOCa, spread across three sub-zones along the Ebro.",
          "focus": "The aging tiers from Crianza to Gran Reserva and the 2017 geographic tiers, then the vintage weather series linked from this page."
        },
        {
          "kind": "article",
          "key": "article:rioja-alta",
          "order": 2,
          "slug": "rioja-alta",
          "title": "Rioja Alta",
          "url": "https://www.winewithseth.com/winewiki/rioja-alta/",
          "minutes": 8,
          "why": "Begin the sub-zones with Rioja Alta in the west, where Haro's Barrio de la Estación gathers historic bodegas.",
          "focus": null
        },
        {
          "kind": "article",
          "key": "article:rioja-alavesa",
          "order": 3,
          "slug": "rioja-alavesa",
          "title": "Rioja Alavesa",
          "url": "https://www.winewithseth.com/winewiki/rioja-alavesa/",
          "minutes": 9,
          "why": "Cross to the Ebro's northern bank for Rioja Alavesa, the Basque sub-zone and the coolest of the three.",
          "focus": null
        },
        {
          "kind": "article",
          "key": "article:rioja-oriental",
          "order": 4,
          "slug": "rioja-oriental",
          "title": "Rioja Oriental",
          "url": "https://www.winewithseth.com/winewiki/rioja-oriental/",
          "minutes": 8,
          "why": "Then Rioja Oriental, the warmer eastern end of the valley, renamed from Rioja Baja in 2018, where Garnacha is the emblematic variety.",
          "focus": null
        },
        {
          "kind": "article",
          "key": "article:tempranillo",
          "order": 5,
          "slug": "tempranillo",
          "title": "Tempranillo",
          "url": "https://www.winewithseth.com/winewiki/tempranillo/",
          "minutes": 6,
          "why": "Now the grapes, starting with Tempranillo, named for temprano (early) because it ripens ahead of most Spanish reds.",
          "focus": null
        },
        {
          "kind": "article",
          "key": "article:grenache-garnacha",
          "order": 6,
          "slug": "grenache-garnacha",
          "title": "Grenache / Garnacha",
          "url": "https://www.winewithseth.com/winewiki/grenache-garnacha/",
          "minutes": 7,
          "why": "Next, Garnacha, which WSET lists as one of the primary red grapes of Rioja, with Tempranillo, Graciano and Mazuelo.",
          "focus": null
        },
        {
          "kind": "compare",
          "key": "compare:tempranillo-vs-garnacha",
          "order": 7,
          "slug": "tempranillo-vs-garnacha",
          "title": "Tempranillo vs Garnacha",
          "url": "https://www.winewithseth.com/winewiki/compare/tempranillo-vs-garnacha/",
          "minutes": 7,
          "why": "Compare Tempranillo and Garnacha on viticulture, flavor, structure and aging classification.",
          "focus": null,
          "subjects": [
            {
              "slug": "tempranillo",
              "title": "Tempranillo",
              "url": "https://www.winewithseth.com/winewiki/tempranillo/"
            },
            {
              "slug": "grenache-garnacha",
              "title": "Grenache / Garnacha",
              "url": "https://www.winewithseth.com/winewiki/grenache-garnacha/"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "kind": "article",
          "key": "article:graciano",
          "order": 8,
          "slug": "graciano",
          "title": "Graciano",
          "url": "https://www.winewithseth.com/winewiki/graciano/",
          "minutes": 4,
          "why": "Then Graciano, considered native to Rioja, deeply colored and high in acidity, now recovering after decades of uprooting.",
          "focus": null
        },
        {
          "kind": "article",
          "key": "article:viura-macabeo",
          "order": 9,
          "slug": "viura-macabeo",
          "title": "Viura / Macabeo",
          "url": "https://www.winewithseth.com/winewiki/viura-macabeo/",
          "minutes": 4,
          "why": "Turn to white Rioja with Viura, the Rioja name for Macabeo, native to the Ebro Valley.",
          "focus": null
        },
        {
          "kind": "article",
          "key": "article:american-oak-quercus-alba",
          "order": 10,
          "slug": "american-oak-quercus-alba",
          "title": "American Oak (Quercus alba)",
          "url": "https://www.winewithseth.com/winewiki/american-oak-quercus-alba/",
          "minutes": 7,
          "why": "See why American oak, higher in oak lactones and vanillin than French oak, remains part of classic Rioja winemaking.",
          "focus": null
        },
        {
          "kind": "article",
          "key": "article:muga",
          "order": 11,
          "slug": "muga",
          "title": "Bodegas Muga",
          "url": "https://www.winewithseth.com/winewiki/muga/",
          "minutes": 7,
          "why": "Now producers: a Haro family bodega founded in 1932 that keeps its own master cooper.",
          "focus": null
        },
        {
          "kind": "article",
          "key": "article:contino",
          "order": 12,
          "slug": "contino",
          "title": "Contino (Viñedos del Contino)",
          "url": "https://www.winewithseth.com/winewiki/contino/",
          "minutes": 7,
          "why": "Contino, founded in 1973 by CVNE and the estate's owners, with wines only from its Finca San Rafael vineyards in Rioja Alavesa.",
          "focus": null
        },
        {
          "kind": "article",
          "key": "article:sierra-cantabria",
          "order": 13,
          "slug": "sierra-cantabria",
          "title": "Sierra Cantabria: The Eguren Family Bodega in the Sonsierra",
          "url": "https://www.winewithseth.com/winewiki/sierra-cantabria/",
          "minutes": 6,
          "why": "Finish with the Eguren family's Sierra Cantabria, established in 1957 in San Vicente de la Sonsierra.",
          "focus": null
        }
      ],
      "children": [],
      "related": [
        "spain"
      ],
      "articleUrl": "https://www.winewithseth.com/winewiki/paths/rioja/",
      "dataUrl": "https://www.winewithseth.com/winewiki/paths/data/rioja.json",
      "shareCards": {
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      },
      "ogImage": "https://www.winewithseth.com/winewiki/og/paths/rioja.png"
    },
    {
      "slug": "sherry",
      "title": "Sherry",
      "tagline": "Albariza, Palomino, flor and the solera, then the Sherry styles from Manzanilla to Pedro Ximénez and Moscatel.",
      "level": "both",
      "parentPath": "spain",
      "group": "countries",
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        "title": "Countries",
        "url": "https://www.winewithseth.com/winewiki/paths/#countries"
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          "slug": "spain",
          "title": "Spain",
          "url": "https://www.winewithseth.com/winewiki/paths/spain/"
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        {
          "slug": "sherry",
          "title": "Sherry",
          "url": "https://www.winewithseth.com/winewiki/paths/sherry/"
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      ],
      "hubSlug": "jerez-xeres-sherry-do",
      "hubUrl": "https://www.winewithseth.com/winewiki/jerez-xeres-sherry-do/",
      "minutes": 117,
      "stepCount": 15,
      "readingSteps": 15,
      "verified": false,
      "verifiedAt": null,
      "verifiedSteps": 13,
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      "steps": [
        {
          "kind": "article",
          "key": "article:jerez-xeres-sherry-do",
          "order": 1,
          "slug": "jerez-xeres-sherry-do",
          "title": "Jerez-Xérès-Sherry DO",
          "url": "https://www.winewithseth.com/winewiki/jerez-xeres-sherry-do/",
          "minutes": 11,
          "why": "Start with Sherry: fortified wine from white grapes grown around Jerez de la Frontera in Andalusia.",
          "focus": "The three authorized grapes, albariza soils, flor and solera aging."
        },
        {
          "kind": "article",
          "key": "article:jerez-xeres-sherry-denomination-of-origin",
          "order": 2,
          "slug": "jerez-xeres-sherry-denomination-of-origin",
          "title": "Jerez-Xérès-Sherry Denomination of Origin",
          "url": "https://www.winewithseth.com/winewiki/jerez-xeres-sherry-denomination-of-origin/",
          "minutes": 10,
          "why": "Next, the rules of Spain's first DO, established in 1933, and its certified age categories.",
          "focus": "The dry and sweet styles, then VOS at 20 years and VORS at 30 years average age."
        },
        {
          "kind": "article",
          "key": "article:albariza-bright-white-chalk-in-jerez",
          "order": 3,
          "slug": "albariza-bright-white-chalk-in-jerez",
          "title": "Albariza: The White Chalky Soil of Jerez",
          "url": "https://www.winewithseth.com/winewiki/albariza-bright-white-chalk-in-jerez/",
          "minutes": 8,
          "why": "Then albariza, the white chalky marl whose water retention carries Palomino vines through rainless summers.",
          "focus": null
        },
        {
          "kind": "article",
          "key": "article:palomino-fino",
          "order": 4,
          "slug": "palomino-fino",
          "title": "Palomino Fino",
          "url": "https://www.winewithseth.com/winewiki/palomino-fino/",
          "minutes": 4,
          "why": "Meet Palomino Fino, a low-acid, neutral grape that lets albariza and flor shape the wine.",
          "focus": null
        },
        {
          "kind": "article",
          "key": "article:sherry-fortification-flor-yeast",
          "order": 5,
          "slug": "sherry-fortification-flor-yeast",
          "title": "Sherry Fortification and Flor Yeast: The Biological Aging System",
          "url": "https://www.winewithseth.com/winewiki/sherry-fortification-flor-yeast/",
          "minutes": 10,
          "why": "See how fortification decides whether the flor veil survives, the split behind styles from Fino to Oloroso.",
          "focus": null
        },
        {
          "kind": "article",
          "key": "article:biological-aging-flor",
          "order": 6,
          "slug": "biological-aging-flor",
          "title": "Biological Aging Under Flor Yeast (Sherry Fino & Manzanilla)",
          "url": "https://www.winewithseth.com/winewiki/biological-aging-flor/",
          "minutes": 9,
          "why": "Then biological aging under flor, the process behind fino and manzanilla.",
          "focus": "The 14.5 to 16 percent alcohol window and the casks filled five-sixths full."
        },
        {
          "kind": "article",
          "key": "article:manzanilla-sanlucar-de-barrameda-do",
          "order": 7,
          "slug": "manzanilla-sanlucar-de-barrameda-do",
          "title": "Manzanilla-Sanlúcar de Barrameda DO",
          "url": "https://www.winewithseth.com/winewiki/manzanilla-sanlucar-de-barrameda-do/",
          "minutes": 10,
          "why": "See flor in Sanlúcar de Barrameda, where Manzanilla has its own DO and a thicker, year-round veil.",
          "focus": null
        },
        {
          "kind": "article",
          "key": "article:solera-system",
          "order": 8,
          "slug": "solera-system",
          "title": "Solera System: Fractional Blending (Sherry, Madeira, Some Ports)",
          "url": "https://www.winewithseth.com/winewiki/solera-system/",
          "minutes": 8,
          "why": "Now the solera, the fractional blending system fundamental to all sherry, where no barrel is ever fully drained.",
          "focus": null
        },
        {
          "kind": "article",
          "key": "article:amontillado-sherry",
          "order": 9,
          "slug": "amontillado-sherry",
          "title": "Amontillado: The Dry Sherry Aged Under Flor, Then Oxidatively",
          "url": "https://www.winewithseth.com/winewiki/amontillado-sherry/",
          "minutes": 9,
          "why": "Amontillado starts as a Fino under flor, then loses it and ages oxidatively.",
          "focus": null
        },
        {
          "kind": "article",
          "key": "article:oxidative-aging-without-flor",
          "order": 10,
          "slug": "oxidative-aging-without-flor",
          "title": "Oxidative Aging Without Flor (Oloroso, Madeira Canteiro Method)",
          "url": "https://www.winewithseth.com/winewiki/oxidative-aging-without-flor/",
          "minutes": 8,
          "why": "Next, oxidative aging without flor, where fortification to 17 percent or more commits the wine to oxygen.",
          "focus": null
        },
        {
          "kind": "article",
          "key": "article:sherry-styles-oloroso",
          "order": 11,
          "slug": "sherry-styles-oloroso",
          "title": "Sherry Styles: Oloroso (No Flor, Fully Oxidative, Dry)",
          "url": "https://www.winewithseth.com/winewiki/sherry-styles-oloroso/",
          "minutes": 7,
          "why": "Oloroso, aged fully oxidatively with no flor and required by the DO to be dry.",
          "focus": null
        },
        {
          "kind": "article",
          "key": "article:palo-cortado",
          "order": 12,
          "slug": "palo-cortado",
          "title": "Palo Cortado",
          "url": "https://www.winewithseth.com/winewiki/palo-cortado/",
          "minutes": 7,
          "why": "Palo Cortado, a rare dry style that begins under flor and then ages oxidatively, between Amontillado and Oloroso.",
          "focus": null
        },
        {
          "kind": "article",
          "key": "article:pedro-ximenez",
          "order": 13,
          "slug": "pedro-ximenez",
          "title": "Pedro Ximénez",
          "url": "https://www.winewithseth.com/winewiki/pedro-ximenez/",
          "minutes": 4,
          "why": "Turn to the sweet side with the Pedro Ximénez grape, sun-dried to concentrate its sugars.",
          "focus": null
        },
        {
          "kind": "article",
          "key": "article:pedro-ximenez-sherry",
          "order": 14,
          "slug": "pedro-ximenez-sherry",
          "title": "Pedro Ximénez",
          "url": "https://www.winewithseth.com/winewiki/pedro-ximenez-sherry/",
          "minutes": 6,
          "why": "The PX wine itself: ebony and intensely sweet, much of it from Montilla-Moriles grapes shipped to Jerez for aging.",
          "focus": null
        },
        {
          "kind": "article",
          "key": "article:moscatel-sherry",
          "order": 15,
          "slug": "moscatel-sherry",
          "title": "Moscatel Sherry",
          "url": "https://www.winewithseth.com/winewiki/moscatel-sherry/",
          "minutes": 6,
          "why": "Close with Moscatel de Jerez, a sweet, oxidatively aged style from about 1 percent of the appellation's plantings.",
          "focus": null
        }
      ],
      "children": [],
      "related": [
        "spain"
      ],
      "articleUrl": "https://www.winewithseth.com/winewiki/paths/sherry/",
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      "ogImage": "https://www.winewithseth.com/winewiki/og/paths/sherry.png"
    },
    {
      "slug": "sicily",
      "title": "Sicily",
      "tagline": "Etna and its contrade, Nerello Mascalese and Carricante, Cerasuolo di Vittoria, Marsala, then Zibibbo on Pantelleria.",
      "level": "both",
      "parentPath": "italy",
      "group": "countries",
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        "url": "https://www.winewithseth.com/winewiki/paths/#countries"
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      "breadcrumb": [
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          "slug": "italy",
          "title": "Italy",
          "url": "https://www.winewithseth.com/winewiki/paths/italy/"
        },
        {
          "slug": "sicily",
          "title": "Sicily",
          "url": "https://www.winewithseth.com/winewiki/paths/sicily/"
        }
      ],
      "hubSlug": "sicily",
      "hubUrl": "https://www.winewithseth.com/winewiki/sicily/",
      "minutes": 97,
      "stepCount": 13,
      "readingSteps": 13,
      "verified": false,
      "verifiedAt": null,
      "verifiedSteps": 10,
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      "steps": [
        {
          "kind": "article",
          "key": "article:sicily",
          "order": 1,
          "slug": "sicily",
          "title": "Sicily: Appellations, Grapes and Production",
          "url": "https://www.winewithseth.com/winewiki/sicily/",
          "minutes": 9,
          "why": "Start with Sicily: a 96,903 hectare vineyard, second in Italy, with one DOCG and 23 DOC wines.",
          "focus": null
        },
        {
          "kind": "article",
          "key": "article:mount-etna-doc",
          "order": 2,
          "slug": "mount-etna-doc",
          "title": "Mount Etna DOC",
          "url": "https://www.winewithseth.com/winewiki/mount-etna-doc/",
          "minutes": 10,
          "why": "Go to Etna, Sicily's first DOC, established in 1968 on the volcano's slopes in the province of Catania.",
          "focus": "The contrade system and how the northern and eastern slopes differ."
        },
        {
          "kind": "article",
          "key": "article:etna-contrada-calderara-sottana",
          "order": 3,
          "slug": "etna-contrada-calderara-sottana",
          "title": "Calderara Sottana (Etna Contrada)",
          "url": "https://www.winewithseth.com/winewiki/etna-contrada-calderara-sottana/",
          "minutes": 7,
          "why": "Zoom in on one contrada, Calderara Sottana above Randazzo on the north slope, with stony, pumice-rich volcanic soils.",
          "focus": null
        },
        {
          "kind": "article",
          "key": "article:nerello-mascalese",
          "order": 4,
          "slug": "nerello-mascalese",
          "title": "Nerello Mascalese",
          "url": "https://www.winewithseth.com/winewiki/nerello-mascalese/",
          "minutes": 8,
          "why": "Meet Nerello Mascalese, the backbone of Etna Rosso, a natural cross of Sangiovese and Mantonico Bianco.",
          "focus": null
        },
        {
          "kind": "article",
          "key": "article:carricante",
          "order": 5,
          "slug": "carricante",
          "title": "Carricante",
          "url": "https://www.winewithseth.com/winewiki/carricante/",
          "minutes": 6,
          "why": "For whites, Carricante: at least 60 percent of Etna Bianco and 80 percent of Etna Bianco Superiore, made only around Milo.",
          "focus": null
        },
        {
          "kind": "article",
          "key": "article:etna-bianco-doc",
          "order": 6,
          "slug": "etna-bianco-doc",
          "title": "Etna Bianco DOC",
          "url": "https://www.winewithseth.com/winewiki/etna-bianco-doc/",
          "minutes": 8,
          "why": "See Carricante in Etna Bianco, from vineyards at roughly 450 to 1,100 metres on volcanic soils.",
          "focus": null
        },
        {
          "kind": "article",
          "key": "article:nero-davola",
          "order": 7,
          "slug": "nero-davola",
          "title": "Nero d'Avola",
          "url": "https://www.winewithseth.com/winewiki/nero-davola/",
          "minutes": 5,
          "why": "Turn to the southeast and Nero d'Avola, Sicily's main indigenous red, named after the town of Avola.",
          "focus": null
        },
        {
          "kind": "article",
          "key": "article:frappato",
          "order": 8,
          "slug": "frappato",
          "title": "Frappato",
          "url": "https://www.winewithseth.com/winewiki/frappato/",
          "minutes": 4,
          "why": "Then Frappato, a light-bodied red with vivid red fruit, planted mostly in southeastern Sicily.",
          "focus": null
        },
        {
          "kind": "article",
          "key": "article:cerasuolo-di-vittoria-docg",
          "order": 9,
          "slug": "cerasuolo-di-vittoria-docg",
          "title": "Cerasuolo di Vittoria DOCG",
          "url": "https://www.winewithseth.com/winewiki/cerasuolo-di-vittoria-docg/",
          "minutes": 10,
          "why": "The two meet in Cerasuolo di Vittoria, Sicily's only DOCG: 50 to 70 percent Nero d'Avola with 30 to 50 percent Frappato.",
          "focus": null
        },
        {
          "kind": "article",
          "key": "article:marsala-doc",
          "order": 10,
          "slug": "marsala-doc",
          "title": "Marsala DOC",
          "url": "https://www.winewithseth.com/winewiki/marsala-doc/",
          "minutes": 8,
          "why": "Head west to Trapani for Marsala, a fortified wine made mainly from Grillo, Catarratto, Inzolia and Damaschino.",
          "focus": "The styles by color, sweetness and aging, from Fine to Vergine."
        },
        {
          "kind": "article",
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          "order": 11,
          "slug": "marsala-fortification-tradition",
          "title": "Marsala Fortification Tradition",
          "url": "https://www.winewithseth.com/winewiki/marsala-fortification-tradition/",
          "minutes": 8,
          "why": "See how Marsala is aged in perpetuum: a cask partly drawn each year and refilled with younger wine.",
          "focus": null
        },
        {
          "kind": "article",
          "key": "article:muscat-of-alexandria",
          "order": 12,
          "slug": "muscat-of-alexandria",
          "title": "Muscat of Alexandria",
          "url": "https://www.winewithseth.com/winewiki/muscat-of-alexandria/",
          "minutes": 6,
          "why": "Meet Zibibbo, the Sicilian name for Muscat of Alexandria, an ancient aromatic white grape.",
          "focus": null
        },
        {
          "kind": "article",
          "key": "article:passito-di-pantelleria-doc",
          "order": 13,
          "slug": "passito-di-pantelleria-doc",
          "title": "Passito di Pantelleria DOC",
          "url": "https://www.winewithseth.com/winewiki/passito-di-pantelleria-doc/",
          "minutes": 8,
          "why": "Finish on Pantelleria, a volcanic island in the Strait of Sicily, with sweet wine from sun-dried Zibibbo.",
          "focus": null
        }
      ],
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      "slug": "skin-contact",
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          "why": "Set it beside the red-wine practice: extended maceration leaves skins, seeds and any stems in the wine after fermentation to shape color, flavor and tannin structure.",
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          "minutes": 9,
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          "why": "Georgia, where researchers have traced grape wine to about 6,000 to 5,800 BC, and which cites more than 525 local grape varieties.",
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          "minutes": 7,
          "why": "Kakheti, eastern Georgia's most important winemaking region, where in the traditional method all the chacha (skins, stalks and pips) takes part in fermentation in qvevri.",
          "focus": null
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          "kind": "article",
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          "url": "https://www.winewithseth.com/winewiki/rkatsiteli/",
          "minutes": 3,
          "why": "Rkatsiteli, Georgia's dominant white grape, takes on amber color and honey and apricot notes in qvevri.",
          "focus": null
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        {
          "kind": "article",
          "key": "article:friuli-venezia-giulia-collio-goriziano-collio-doc",
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          "title": "Friuli-Venezia Giulia: Collio Goriziano / Collio DOC",
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          "minutes": 9,
          "why": "Cross to Collio in Friuli-Venezia Giulia, where Stanko Radikon and Josko Gravner turned to long skin contact in the mid-1990s and, per Decanter, the orange wine revival began in Oslavia.",
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          "minutes": 7,
          "why": "Ribolla Gialla, the Friulian grape with a starring role in the orange wine movement.",
          "focus": null
        },
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          "slug": "goriska-brda",
          "title": "Goriška Brda",
          "url": "https://www.winewithseth.com/winewiki/goriska-brda/",
          "minutes": 7,
          "why": "Over the border, Slovenia's Goriška Brda formed a single wine region with Collio before the border was imposed in 1947, and produces white and orange wines.",
          "focus": null
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          "title": "Pinot Gris / Pinot Grigio",
          "url": "https://www.winewithseth.com/winewiki/pinot-gris-pinot-grigio/",
          "minutes": 12,
          "why": "Pinot Grigio is one of the darkest-skinned grapes producing white wine, and Friuli's ramato is a skin-contact style made from it.",
          "focus": null
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          "title": "Pinot Grigio Ramato: Friuli's Copper Skin-Contact Style",
          "url": "https://www.winewithseth.com/winewiki/pinot-grigio-ramato/",
          "minutes": 5,
          "why": "That style has a name: ramato, from the Italian for copper, a short skin contact that gives Pinot Grigio a copper to pink colour and more texture than the familiar untinted wine.",
          "focus": null
        },
        {
          "kind": "article",
          "key": "article:rose-direct-press-provence",
          "order": 13,
          "slug": "rose-direct-press-provence",
          "title": "Rosé — Direct Press Method (Provence; Pale, Delicate Style)",
          "url": "https://www.winewithseth.com/winewiki/rose-direct-press-provence/",
          "minutes": 8,
          "why": "End with the opposite approach: direct-press rosé takes the juice off the skins quickly for delicate wines that are pale in colour.",
          "focus": null
        }
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      "slug": "soils",
      "title": "Soils",
      "tagline": "Nine soil types, from limestone to river-laid alluvium, with seven benchmark regions built on them.",
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          "minutes": 8,
          "why": "Its benchmark, Chablis, sits on the marls and Kimmeridgian limestones of a single Grand Cru hillside.",
          "focus": "How Kimmeridgian and Portlandian limestone split the four tiers."
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          "minutes": 7,
          "why": "Next, volcanic soils: pumice, ash, lava and lapilli shaping three island terroirs, Santorini, Etna and Lanzarote.",
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          "kind": "article",
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          "slug": "mount-etna-doc",
          "title": "Mount Etna DOC",
          "url": "https://www.winewithseth.com/winewiki/mount-etna-doc/",
          "minutes": 10,
          "why": "On Etna, soils formed from ash, sand, lapilli and pumice, and the old, higher-elevation vineyards are largely bush-trained, some ungrafted and pre-phylloxera to this day.",
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          "minutes": 9,
          "why": "Schist and slate: layered rock whose fissures let vine roots push deep for water in the Douro, and part of the same family in Priorat, Swartland and the Mosel.",
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        },
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          "minutes": 9,
          "why": "Priorat's llicorella slate, shallow with bedrock at 10 to 15 centimetres, forces roots deep and keeps yields around one kilogram of grapes per vine.",
          "focus": null
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          "kind": "article",
          "key": "article:clay-soils-water-retention",
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          "slug": "clay-soils-water-retention",
          "title": "Clay Soils: Water Retention and Body in Wine",
          "url": "https://www.winewithseth.com/winewiki/clay-soils-water-retention/",
          "minutes": 7,
          "why": "Then clay: its fine particles hold more water than sand, and clay-rich soils are usually cooler, which can be useful in drier climates.",
          "focus": null
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          "kind": "article",
          "key": "article:pomerol",
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          "title": "Pomerol",
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          "minutes": 9,
          "why": "Pomerol grows Merlot on clay-gravel over an iron-rich subsoil called crasse de fer, with a blue clay boutonnière at Pétrus.",
          "focus": null
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          "slug": "gravel-soils-drainage-heat",
          "title": "Gravel Soils: Drainage, Heat Retention and Cabernet Sauvignon in the Médoc",
          "url": "https://www.winewithseth.com/winewiki/gravel-soils-drainage-heat/",
          "minutes": 6,
          "why": "Cross to the Left Bank for gravel: Bordeaux.com says Cabernet Sauvignon, a late-ripening variety, thrives on its warm, gravelly soils, and its Graves page says these soils store heat from the sun's rays by day, release it at night, and are well drained.",
          "focus": null
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          "key": "article:medoc",
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          "title": "Médoc",
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          "minutes": 8,
          "why": "The Médoc's gravel rises formed from glacial-period river deposits, and the Haut-Médoc's communal appellations include Pauillac, Saint-Julien, Margaux and Saint-Estèphe.",
          "focus": null
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          "url": "https://www.winewithseth.com/winewiki/sandy-soils/",
          "minutes": 7,
          "why": "Sand and phylloxera: Wines of Portugal notes that phylloxera cannot survive in sand, which is why Colares vines are still planted ungrafted on their own roots.",
          "focus": null
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        {
          "kind": "article",
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          "slug": "granite-soils",
          "title": "Granite Soils (Beaujolais Crus, Alsace Grand Crus, Cape Winelands, Northern Rhône)",
          "url": "https://www.winewithseth.com/winewiki/granite-soils/",
          "minutes": 7,
          "why": "On the Vosges slopes granite weathers into coarse, acidic sand, and granite soils also run through the Beaujolais crus, several Alsace Grand Crus, the Cape's granite hills and the northern Rhône.",
          "focus": null
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          "title": "Moulin-à-Vent (King of Beaujolais)",
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          "minutes": 8,
          "why": "In Moulin-à-Vent, soils of weathered granite are impregnated with iron and manganese oxides from mineral veins crossing the rock.",
          "focus": null
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          "slug": "marl",
          "title": "Marl (Clay + Limestone: Champagne, Burgundy, Alsace)",
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          "minutes": 6,
          "why": "Marl blends clay and limestone, and sources in Champagne, Burgundy and Alsace tie it to moisture retention, weight and long acidity.",
          "focus": null
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          "key": "article:barolo-docg",
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          "minutes": 10,
          "why": "Barolo turns on marl: JancisRobinson.com says its range of wine characters comes from the turn of a hillside, a seam of sandstone or marl.",
          "focus": null
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          "kind": "article",
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          "title": "Alluvial Soils: Sand and Stone from Andean Rivers (Argentina and Chile)",
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          "minutes": 6,
          "why": "Finish with alluvial soils: in Mendoza the river dragged sand and stones down from the Andes, and in Chile Decanter maps alluvial soils across Medio and Bajo Maipo.",
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          "why": "Then the ageing ladder from Joven to Gran Reserva that appears on many Spanish labels.",
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          "minutes": 11,
          "why": "Begin the regions in Rioja, Spain's first DOCa, along the Ebro.",
          "focus": "The three sub-zones, then the vintage weather series linked from this page."
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          "why": "Go deeper into Rioja: its three sub-zones, four grapes, American oak and three producers.",
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          "slug": "ribera-del-duero-do",
          "title": "Ribera del Duero DO",
          "url": "https://www.winewithseth.com/winewiki/ribera-del-duero-do/",
          "minutes": 11,
          "why": "West to Ribera del Duero on the Castilian plateau, where Tempranillo is called Tinto Fino.",
          "focus": null
        },
        {
          "kind": "compare",
          "key": "compare:rioja-vs-ribera-del-duero",
          "order": 7,
          "slug": "rioja-vs-ribera-del-duero",
          "title": "Rioja vs Ribera del Duero",
          "url": "https://www.winewithseth.com/winewiki/compare/rioja-vs-ribera-del-duero/",
          "minutes": 7,
          "why": "Set Rioja and Ribera del Duero side by side: climate, soil, grapes, style and classification.",
          "focus": null,
          "subjects": [
            {
              "slug": "rioja-doca",
              "title": "Rioja DOCa",
              "url": "https://www.winewithseth.com/winewiki/rioja-doca/"
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            {
              "slug": "ribera-del-duero-do",
              "title": "Ribera del Duero DO",
              "url": "https://www.winewithseth.com/winewiki/ribera-del-duero-do/"
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        },
        {
          "kind": "article",
          "key": "article:toro-do",
          "order": 8,
          "slug": "toro-do",
          "title": "Toro DO",
          "url": "https://www.winewithseth.com/winewiki/toro-do/",
          "minutes": 11,
          "why": "Downriver on the Duero to Toro and its local Tempranillo, Tinta de Toro.",
          "focus": null
        },
        {
          "kind": "article",
          "key": "article:bierzo-do",
          "order": 9,
          "slug": "bierzo-do",
          "title": "Bierzo DO",
          "url": "https://www.winewithseth.com/winewiki/bierzo-do/",
          "minutes": 13,
          "why": "North to Bierzo, a basin of slate hillsides and old Mencía vines.",
          "focus": null
        },
        {
          "kind": "article",
          "key": "article:rias-baixas-do",
          "order": 10,
          "slug": "rias-baixas-do",
          "title": "Rías Baixas DO",
          "url": "https://www.winewithseth.com/winewiki/rias-baixas-do/",
          "minutes": 6,
          "why": "West to the Atlantic and Rías Baixas, where Albariño grows on granite.",
          "focus": null
        },
        {
          "kind": "article",
          "key": "article:priorat-doq",
          "order": 11,
          "slug": "priorat-doq",
          "title": "Priorat DOQ",
          "url": "https://www.winewithseth.com/winewiki/priorat-doq/",
          "minutes": 9,
          "why": "Cross to Catalonia and Priorat, old Garnacha and Cariñena on llicorella slate.",
          "focus": null
        },
        {
          "kind": "deeper",
          "key": "deeper:priorat",
          "order": 12,
          "slug": "priorat",
          "title": "Priorat",
          "url": "https://www.winewithseth.com/winewiki/paths/priorat/",
          "minutes": 103,
          "why": "Go deeper into Priorat: llicorella slate, terraces, Garnacha and Cariñena, and Montsant next door.",
          "focus": null,
          "stepCount": 12,
          "readingSteps": 12,
          "startUrl": "https://www.winewithseth.com/winewiki/priorat-doq/?path=priorat"
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          "order": 13,
          "slug": "priorat-vs-ribera-del-duero",
          "title": "Priorat vs Ribera del Duero",
          "url": "https://www.winewithseth.com/winewiki/compare/priorat-vs-ribera-del-duero/",
          "minutes": 7,
          "why": "Compare Priorat with Ribera del Duero on climate, soil, grapes, classification and scale.",
          "focus": null,
          "subjects": [
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              "slug": "priorat-doq",
              "title": "Priorat DOQ",
              "url": "https://www.winewithseth.com/winewiki/priorat-doq/"
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            {
              "slug": "ribera-del-duero-do",
              "title": "Ribera del Duero DO",
              "url": "https://www.winewithseth.com/winewiki/ribera-del-duero-do/"
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        },
        {
          "kind": "article",
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          "title": "Penedès DO",
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          "minutes": 10,
          "why": "Nearby Penedès, in the provinces of Barcelona and Tarragona, a separate DO that overlaps with Cava's zone.",
          "focus": null
        },
        {
          "kind": "article",
          "key": "article:cava-do",
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          "slug": "cava-do",
          "title": "Cava DO",
          "url": "https://www.winewithseth.com/winewiki/cava-do/",
          "minutes": 10,
          "why": "Cava itself, bottle-fermented sparkling wine from native Catalan grapes.",
          "focus": null
        },
        {
          "kind": "article",
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          "order": 16,
          "slug": "jerez-xeres-sherry-do",
          "title": "Jerez-Xérès-Sherry DO",
          "url": "https://www.winewithseth.com/winewiki/jerez-xeres-sherry-do/",
          "minutes": 11,
          "why": "Finish the regions in Andalusia with Sherry, fortified wine from albariza soils and flor.",
          "focus": null
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        {
          "kind": "deeper",
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          "minutes": 117,
          "why": "Go deeper into Sherry: albariza, flor, the solera, and the styles from Manzanilla to Pedro Ximénez.",
          "focus": null,
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          "readingSteps": 15,
          "startUrl": "https://www.winewithseth.com/winewiki/jerez-xeres-sherry-do/?path=sherry"
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          "title": "Tempranillo",
          "url": "https://www.winewithseth.com/winewiki/tempranillo/",
          "minutes": 6,
          "why": "Now the grapes, starting with Tempranillo, the backbone of Rioja and Ribera del Duero.",
          "focus": null
        },
        {
          "kind": "article",
          "key": "article:grenache-garnacha",
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          "slug": "grenache-garnacha",
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          "url": "https://www.winewithseth.com/winewiki/grenache-garnacha/",
          "minutes": 7,
          "why": "Garnacha, seen earlier in Priorat, where Jancis Robinson says ancient Garnacha bush vines provide the backbone of many of the top wines.",
          "focus": null
        },
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          "kind": "compare",
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          "title": "Tempranillo vs Garnacha",
          "url": "https://www.winewithseth.com/winewiki/compare/tempranillo-vs-garnacha/",
          "minutes": 7,
          "why": "Compare Tempranillo and Garnacha on viticulture, flavor, structure and aging classification.",
          "focus": null,
          "subjects": [
            {
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          "minutes": 6,
          "why": "Albariño, the grape of Rías Baixas.",
          "focus": null
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          "kind": "article",
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          "slug": "mencia",
          "title": "Mencía",
          "url": "https://www.winewithseth.com/winewiki/mencia/",
          "minutes": 6,
          "why": "Mencía, the red grape of Bierzo.",
          "focus": null
        },
        {
          "kind": "article",
          "key": "article:palomino-fino",
          "order": 23,
          "slug": "palomino-fino",
          "title": "Palomino Fino",
          "url": "https://www.winewithseth.com/winewiki/palomino-fino/",
          "minutes": 4,
          "why": "Palomino Fino, the grape behind almost all Sherry.",
          "focus": null
        },
        {
          "kind": "article",
          "key": "article:solera-system",
          "order": 24,
          "slug": "solera-system",
          "title": "Solera System: Fractional Blending (Sherry, Madeira, Some Ports)",
          "url": "https://www.winewithseth.com/winewiki/solera-system/",
          "minutes": 8,
          "why": "Return to Sherry for the fractional blending system that ages it.",
          "focus": "How wine moves from the criaderas to the solera."
        },
        {
          "kind": "article",
          "key": "article:marques-de-murrieta",
          "order": 25,
          "slug": "marques-de-murrieta",
          "title": "Marqués de Murrieta",
          "url": "https://www.winewithseth.com/winewiki/marques-de-murrieta/",
          "minutes": 6,
          "why": "Now producers: a Rioja house established in 1852 around the Finca Ygay estate.",
          "focus": null
        },
        {
          "kind": "article",
          "key": "article:la-rioja-alta-s-a",
          "order": 26,
          "slug": "la-rioja-alta-s-a",
          "title": "La Rioja Alta, S.A.",
          "url": "https://www.winewithseth.com/winewiki/la-rioja-alta-s-a/",
          "minutes": 8,
          "why": "A Haro house founded in 1890, with its own cooperage.",
          "focus": null
        }
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    {
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      "tagline": "Four ways to put bubbles in wine, then Champagne, Crémant, Cava, Franciacorta, Alta Langa, Prosecco and Sussex.",
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          "title": "Sparkling Wine: How the Bubbles Get In",
          "url": "https://www.winewithseth.com/winewiki/sparkling-wine-how-the-bubbles-get-in/",
          "minutes": 11,
          "why": "Start with the methods: Wine Australia's educator guide lists five, traditional, transfer, ancestral, tank and carbonation, and where and when the fermentation happens shapes the style in your glass.",
          "focus": null
        },
        {
          "kind": "article",
          "key": "article:traditional-method-methode-champenoise-methode-traditionnelle",
          "order": 2,
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          "title": "Traditional Method / Méthode Champenoise (Méthode Traditionnelle)",
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          "minutes": 8,
          "why": "The traditional method in detail: a second fermentation in bottle, then aging on lees for brioche and toast notes.",
          "focus": "The step-by-step cycle from tirage to disgorgement."
        },
        {
          "kind": "article",
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          "slug": "dosage-the-final-touch-in-sparkling-wine-production",
          "title": "Dosage: The Final Touch in Sparkling Wine Production",
          "url": "https://www.winewithseth.com/winewiki/dosage-the-final-touch-in-sparkling-wine-production/",
          "minutes": 7,
          "why": "After disgorgement, dosage sets the sweetness; every Champagne label names one of seven categories from Brut Nature to Doux.",
          "focus": "The sweetness ladder."
        },
        {
          "kind": "article",
          "key": "article:transfer-method-sparkling-wine",
          "order": 4,
          "slug": "transfer-method-sparkling-wine",
          "title": "Transfer Method Sparkling Wine",
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          "minutes": 7,
          "why": "The transfer method also ferments in bottle, then moves the wine under pressure into a tank for filtering, dosing and new bottles, skipping riddling and disgorging.",
          "focus": null
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          "kind": "article",
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          "minutes": 6,
          "why": "The tank method: sparkling wine made through secondary fermentation in sealed, pressurized stainless steel tanks, also known as the Martinotti Method.",
          "focus": null
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          "kind": "article",
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          "order": 6,
          "slug": "carbonation-injected-co2-sparkling-wine",
          "title": "Carbonation (Injected CO2 Sparkling Wine)",
          "url": "https://www.winewithseth.com/winewiki/carbonation-injected-co2-sparkling-wine/",
          "minutes": 5,
          "why": "Set both against carbonation: injecting carbon dioxide into a still base wine, the same basic approach used for fizzy canned drinks, with none of it coming from fermentation.",
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          "title": "Traditional Method vs Tank Method",
          "url": "https://www.winewithseth.com/winewiki/compare/traditional-method-vs-tank-method/",
          "minutes": 9,
          "why": "Put the two side by side: same second fermentation, different vessel, from bottle-by-bottle lees complexity to fresh, fruit-first bubbles from a sealed tank.",
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          "minutes": 9,
          "why": "The ancestral method bottles the wine before it completes its first fermentation, and in Limoux, Benedictine monks are credited with a naturally sparkling wine in 1531.",
          "focus": null
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          "minutes": 12,
          "why": "Now the regions, starting with Champagne: Cretaceous chalk, a northern climate at 49 degrees, and Pinot Noir, Meunier and Chardonnay.",
          "focus": null
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          "order": 10,
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          "minutes": 7,
          "why": "Blanc de Blancs, made from white grapes and almost always 100% Chardonnay.",
          "focus": null
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          "slug": "blanc-de-noirs-champagne",
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          "minutes": 8,
          "why": "Blanc de Noirs, white Champagne made only from Pinot Noir and Meunier.",
          "focus": null
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        {
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          "title": "Crémant de Loire AOC",
          "url": "https://www.winewithseth.com/winewiki/cremant-de-loire-aoc/",
          "minutes": 8,
          "why": "Outside Champagne, Crémant de Loire uses the traditional method with Chenin Blanc at its center.",
          "focus": null
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        {
          "kind": "article",
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          "order": 13,
          "slug": "cava-do",
          "title": "Cava DO",
          "url": "https://www.winewithseth.com/winewiki/cava-do/",
          "minutes": 10,
          "why": "Spain's Cava, traditional method from Macabeo, Xarel·lo and Parellada, about 95% of it made in Penedès.",
          "focus": null
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          "title": "Franciacorta DOCG — Lombardy's Metodo Classico Sparkling Wine",
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          "minutes": 8,
          "why": "Franciacorta, a DOCG in Lombardy's Brescia province where every Franciacorta takes its second fermentation in the bottle, on the moraine hills south of Lake Iseo.",
          "focus": null
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          "minutes": 7,
          "why": "Piedmont's Alta Langa: vintage-dated traditional method from Chardonnay and Pinot Noir on hillsides above 250 meters.",
          "focus": null
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          "minutes": 10,
          "why": "Prosecco, made from Glera by the tank method seen earlier.",
          "focus": null
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          "minutes": 9,
          "why": "Put bottle and tank side by side: Champagne against Prosecco.",
          "focus": null,
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          "slug": "sussex-wine-region",
          "title": "Sussex Wine Region",
          "url": "https://www.winewithseth.com/winewiki/sussex-wine-region/",
          "minutes": 8,
          "why": "Finish in England, where Sussex makes traditional-method sparkling wine on chalk from the same geological band as Champagne.",
          "focus": null
        }
      ],
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          "kind": "article",
          "key": "article:sweet-wine-production-methods",
          "order": 1,
          "slug": "sweet-wine-production-methods",
          "title": "Sweet Wine Production Methods",
          "url": "https://www.winewithseth.com/winewiki/sweet-wine-production-methods/",
          "minutes": 8,
          "why": "Start with the methods for keeping grape sugar in a finished wine: late harvest, noble rot, frozen grapes, dried grapes, fortification, and added sweetness.",
          "focus": null
        },
        {
          "kind": "article",
          "key": "article:late-harvest-wine-production",
          "order": 2,
          "slug": "late-harvest-wine-production",
          "title": "Late Harvest Wine Production",
          "url": "https://www.winewithseth.com/winewiki/late-harvest-wine-production/",
          "minutes": 8,
          "why": "Late harvest first: leaving grapes on the vine and picking them much later lets them shrivel as water evaporates, concentrating sugar, acid and flavour.",
          "focus": null
        },
        {
          "kind": "article",
          "key": "article:german-pradikatswein-classification",
          "order": 3,
          "slug": "german-pradikatswein-classification",
          "title": "German Prädikatswein Classification",
          "url": "https://www.winewithseth.com/winewiki/german-pradikatswein-classification/",
          "minutes": 10,
          "why": "Germany grades that ripeness in six Prädikat levels, from Kabinett to Trockenbeerenauslese, each with its own minimum must weight in degrees Oechsle.",
          "focus": "The ripeness ladder and its Oechsle minimums, which vary by region and grape variety."
        },
        {
          "kind": "article",
          "key": "article:noble-rot",
          "order": 4,
          "slug": "noble-rot",
          "title": "Noble Rot",
          "url": "https://www.winewithseth.com/winewiki/noble-rot/",
          "minutes": 6,
          "why": "Noble rot, the beneficial form of Botrytis cinerea, shrivels ripe grapes and concentrates their acids, sugars and flavours for sweet wine.",
          "focus": null
        },
        {
          "kind": "article",
          "key": "article:botrytis-selection",
          "order": 5,
          "slug": "botrytis-selection",
          "title": "Botrytis Selection: Tries Successives (Multiple Passes)",
          "url": "https://www.winewithseth.com/winewiki/botrytis-selection/",
          "minutes": 6,
          "why": "Harvesting it takes handpicking in several passes through the vineyard, picking only the fruit the rot has reached.",
          "focus": null
        },
        {
          "kind": "article",
          "key": "article:sauternes",
          "order": 6,
          "slug": "sauternes",
          "title": "Sauternes",
          "url": "https://www.winewithseth.com/winewiki/sauternes/",
          "minutes": 9,
          "why": "In Sauternes, autumn mists where the cold Ciron meets the warmer Garonne encourage noble rot.",
          "focus": null
        },
        {
          "kind": "article",
          "key": "article:tokaj-pdo",
          "order": 7,
          "slug": "tokaj-pdo",
          "title": "Tokaj PDO",
          "url": "https://www.winewithseth.com/winewiki/tokaj-pdo/",
          "minutes": 8,
          "why": "Tokaj in northeast Hungary, delimited in 1737, where Decanter's 2018 guide gives Furmint the largest share, 69%, of the permitted varieties.",
          "focus": null
        },
        {
          "kind": "article",
          "key": "article:tokaji-aszu",
          "order": 8,
          "slug": "tokaji-aszu",
          "title": "Tokaji Aszú",
          "url": "https://www.winewithseth.com/winewiki/tokaji-aszu/",
          "minutes": 7,
          "why": "Its Tokaji Aszú soaks hand-picked, noble-rot-shrivelled berries in must or wine, and since the 2013 rule change every Tokaji Aszú must carry at least 120 g/L of residual sugar.",
          "focus": null
        },
        {
          "kind": "compare",
          "key": "compare:tokaj-vs-sauternes",
          "order": 9,
          "slug": "tokaj-vs-sauternes",
          "title": "Tokaj vs Sauternes",
          "url": "https://www.winewithseth.com/winewiki/compare/tokaj-vs-sauternes/",
          "minutes": 7,
          "why": "Compare the two botrytised sweet whites shaped by river mists, Tokaj led by Furmint and Sauternes led by Sémillon.",
          "focus": null,
          "subjects": [
            {
              "slug": "tokaj-pdo",
              "title": "Tokaj PDO",
              "url": "https://www.winewithseth.com/winewiki/tokaj-pdo/"
            },
            {
              "slug": "sauternes",
              "title": "Sauternes",
              "url": "https://www.winewithseth.com/winewiki/sauternes/"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "kind": "article",
          "key": "article:eiswein-naturally-frozen-grape-wine",
          "order": 10,
          "slug": "eiswein-naturally-frozen-grape-wine",
          "title": "Eiswein: Naturally Frozen Grape Wine",
          "url": "https://www.winewithseth.com/winewiki/eiswein-naturally-frozen-grape-wine/",
          "minutes": 8,
          "why": "Frost instead of rot: Eiswein comes from grapes frozen on the vine and harvested at -7°C or colder.",
          "focus": null
        },
        {
          "kind": "article",
          "key": "article:cryoextraction-for-late-harvest-concentration",
          "order": 11,
          "slug": "cryoextraction-for-late-harvest-concentration",
          "title": "Cryoextraction for Late Harvest Concentration",
          "url": "https://www.winewithseth.com/winewiki/cryoextraction-for-late-harvest-concentration/",
          "minutes": 7,
          "why": "Cryoextraction freezes harvested grapes artificially, which German law does not allow for Eiswein.",
          "focus": null
        },
        {
          "kind": "article",
          "key": "article:appassimento",
          "order": 12,
          "slug": "appassimento",
          "title": "Appassimento",
          "url": "https://www.winewithseth.com/winewiki/appassimento/",
          "minutes": 9,
          "why": "Dried grapes: appassimento dries harvested grapes before fermentation, concentrating their sugar and flavor, with acidity concentrating too, though more slowly.",
          "focus": null
        },
        {
          "kind": "article",
          "key": "article:recioto-della-valpolicella-docg",
          "order": 13,
          "slug": "recioto-della-valpolicella-docg",
          "title": "Recioto della Valpolicella DOCG",
          "url": "https://www.winewithseth.com/winewiki/recioto-della-valpolicella-docg/",
          "minutes": 6,
          "why": "Recioto della Valpolicella dries its grapes in fruttai, builds on Corvina Veronese and/or Corvinone at 45% to 95%, and arrests fermentation before it finishes, keeping residual sugar that starts at around 50 g/L.",
          "focus": "How fermentation is stopped to keep the sweetness: usually by cooling the must to suppress the yeast and then filtering it, per Decanter."
        },
        {
          "kind": "article",
          "key": "article:arrested-fermentation",
          "order": 14,
          "slug": "arrested-fermentation",
          "title": "Arrested Fermentation",
          "url": "https://www.winewithseth.com/winewiki/arrested-fermentation/",
          "minutes": 4,
          "why": "That stopping point, in detail: chilling the wine near freezing, then filtering or centrifuging out the yeast so fermentation cannot restart, without adding spirit.",
          "focus": null
        },
        {
          "kind": "article",
          "key": "article:vin-santo-del-chianti-classico-tradition",
          "order": 15,
          "slug": "vin-santo-del-chianti-classico-tradition",
          "title": "Vin Santo del Chianti Classico Tradition",
          "url": "https://www.winewithseth.com/winewiki/vin-santo-del-chianti-classico-tradition/",
          "minutes": 9,
          "why": "Tuscany's Vin Santo dries Trebbiano and Malvasia, then ages at least three years in small caratelli barrels.",
          "focus": null
        },
        {
          "kind": "article",
          "key": "article:vin-de-paille-jura",
          "order": 16,
          "slug": "vin-de-paille-jura",
          "title": "Vin de Paille: Jura's Straw Wine",
          "url": "https://www.winewithseth.com/winewiki/vin-de-paille-jura/",
          "minutes": 7,
          "why": "Close in the Jura with Vin de Paille, from grapes dried off the vine for at least six weeks on straw, on racks, or hanging.",
          "focus": null
        }
      ],
      "children": [],
      "related": [
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    {
      "slug": "terroir",
      "title": "Terroir",
      "tagline": "Climate, latitude, altitude, slope, water and soil, each read alongside a region that shows it.",
      "level": "new",
      "parentPath": null,
      "group": "fundamentals",
      "groupCrumb": {
        "title": "Fundamentals",
        "url": "https://www.winewithseth.com/winewiki/paths/#fundamentals"
      },
      "breadcrumb": [
        {
          "slug": "terroir",
          "title": "Terroir",
          "url": "https://www.winewithseth.com/winewiki/paths/terroir/"
        }
      ],
      "hubSlug": "what-is-terroir",
      "hubUrl": "https://www.winewithseth.com/winewiki/what-is-terroir/",
      "minutes": 164,
      "stepCount": 20,
      "readingSteps": 19,
      "verified": true,
      "verifiedAt": "2026-09-28",
      "verifiedSteps": 20,
      "totalSteps": 20,
      "steps": [
        {
          "kind": "article",
          "key": "article:what-is-terroir",
          "order": 1,
          "slug": "what-is-terroir",
          "title": "Terroir",
          "url": "https://www.winewithseth.com/winewiki/what-is-terroir/",
          "minutes": 8,
          "why": "Start with the idea itself: terroir as the natural environment where the grapes have been grown, including its climate, soil and topography.",
          "focus": null
        },
        {
          "kind": "article",
          "key": "article:latitude-and-the-wine-belt",
          "order": 2,
          "slug": "latitude-and-the-wine-belt",
          "title": "Latitude and the Wine Belt",
          "url": "https://www.winewithseth.com/winewiki/latitude-and-the-wine-belt/",
          "minutes": 5,
          "why": "Before climate types, the wine belt itself: most of the world's vineyards sit between 30 and 50 degrees north and 30 and 50 degrees south of the equator.",
          "focus": null
        },
        {
          "kind": "article",
          "key": "article:climate-types-overview",
          "order": 3,
          "slug": "climate-types-overview",
          "title": "Climate Types in Wine: Continental, Maritime, Mediterranean, and Beyond",
          "url": "https://www.winewithseth.com/winewiki/climate-types-overview/",
          "minutes": 13,
          "why": "Climate comes first: the three foundational types, continental, maritime and Mediterranean, and the 30th to 50th parallel band where vines are generally suited.",
          "focus": null
        },
        {
          "kind": "article",
          "key": "article:cool-climate-viticulture",
          "order": 4,
          "slug": "cool-climate-viticulture",
          "title": "Cool Climate Viticulture: Character and Grape Suitability",
          "url": "https://www.winewithseth.com/winewiki/cool-climate-viticulture/",
          "minutes": 8,
          "why": "Then the cool end of that band, where growing-season averages of roughly 13 to 15°C slow ripening and keep natural acidity.",
          "focus": null
        },
        {
          "kind": "article",
          "key": "article:aspect-sun-angle-different-latitudes",
          "order": 5,
          "slug": "aspect-sun-angle-different-latitudes",
          "title": "Aspect & Sun Angle at Different Latitudes",
          "url": "https://www.winewithseth.com/winewiki/aspect-sun-angle-different-latitudes/",
          "minutes": 8,
          "why": "Latitude and aspect together: how the sun's angle and a slope's direction set ripeness, and why north-facing slopes are the warm ones in the Southern Hemisphere.",
          "focus": null
        },
        {
          "kind": "article",
          "key": "article:high-altitude-viticulture",
          "order": 6,
          "slug": "high-altitude-viticulture",
          "title": "High-Altitude Viticulture",
          "url": "https://www.winewithseth.com/winewiki/high-altitude-viticulture/",
          "minutes": 11,
          "why": "Climb higher: temperature falls roughly 0.6°C per 100 meters, which allows cool-climate ripening at latitudes otherwise too warm for fine wine.",
          "focus": null
        },
        {
          "kind": "article",
          "key": "article:mendoza",
          "order": 7,
          "slug": "mendoza",
          "title": "Mendoza",
          "url": "https://www.winewithseth.com/winewiki/mendoza/",
          "minutes": 11,
          "why": "See altitude at work in Mendoza, where vineyards run from 640 meters in eastern Maipú to over 1,700 meters in the Uco Valley.",
          "focus": "The climate, altitude and diurnal range section."
        },
        {
          "kind": "article",
          "key": "article:slope-gradient-drainage-efficiency",
          "order": 8,
          "slug": "slope-gradient-drainage-efficiency",
          "title": "Slope Gradient & Drainage Efficiency",
          "url": "https://www.winewithseth.com/winewiki/slope-gradient-drainage-efficiency/",
          "minutes": 7,
          "why": "From height to steepness: how slope gradient governs drainage, vine stress and disease pressure.",
          "focus": null
        },
        {
          "kind": "article",
          "key": "article:mosel",
          "order": 9,
          "slug": "mosel",
          "title": "Mosel",
          "url": "https://www.winewithseth.com/winewiki/mosel/",
          "minutes": 9,
          "why": "The Mosel shows slope and soil together: the world's largest steep-slope region, where dark Devonian slate absorbs warmth by day and radiates it at night.",
          "focus": null
        },
        {
          "kind": "article",
          "key": "article:diurnal-temperature-variation",
          "order": 10,
          "slug": "diurnal-temperature-variation",
          "title": "Diurnal Temperature Variation",
          "url": "https://www.winewithseth.com/winewiki/diurnal-temperature-variation/",
          "minutes": 7,
          "why": "Next, the day-night swing: cool nights slow the loss of malic acid, so warm regions keep freshness as grapes ripen.",
          "focus": null
        },
        {
          "kind": "article",
          "key": "article:napa-valley-ava",
          "order": 11,
          "slug": "napa-valley-ava",
          "title": "Napa Valley AVA",
          "url": "https://www.winewithseth.com/winewiki/napa-valley-ava/",
          "minutes": 9,
          "why": "In Napa Valley, summer fog shrouds the valley until mid-morning, and Calistoga sees dramatic day-to-night temperature swings.",
          "focus": null
        },
        {
          "kind": "article",
          "key": "article:maritime-oceanic-climate",
          "order": 12,
          "slug": "maritime-oceanic-climate",
          "title": "Maritime / Oceanic Climate (Bordeaux, Champagne, Oregon)",
          "url": "https://www.winewithseth.com/winewiki/maritime-oceanic-climate/",
          "minutes": 10,
          "why": "Now water: ocean air moderates temperature extremes in maritime climates such as Bordeaux, Champagne and the Willamette Valley.",
          "focus": null
        },
        {
          "kind": "article",
          "key": "article:sonoma-coast-ava",
          "order": 13,
          "slug": "sonoma-coast-ava",
          "title": "Sonoma Coast AVA",
          "url": "https://www.winewithseth.com/winewiki/sonoma-coast-ava/",
          "minutes": 9,
          "why": "Sonoma Coast is a maritime case in point, defined by its cool maritime climate and persistent fog.",
          "focus": null
        },
        {
          "kind": "article",
          "key": "article:california-pacific-marine-fog",
          "order": 14,
          "slug": "california-pacific-marine-fog",
          "title": "Pacific Marine Fog and California Cool-Climate",
          "url": "https://www.winewithseth.com/winewiki/california-pacific-marine-fog/",
          "minutes": 8,
          "why": "Fog is the mechanism behind that: the cold California Current generates fog that drifts inland through low gaps and passes in the coastal hills.",
          "focus": null
        },
        {
          "kind": "article",
          "key": "article:continental-climate",
          "order": 15,
          "slug": "continental-climate",
          "title": "Continental Climate in Wine: Burgundy and Germany",
          "url": "https://www.winewithseth.com/winewiki/continental-climate/",
          "minutes": 8,
          "why": "Set against it the continental pattern, from the hot summers and dry fall weather of the Côte de Nuits to the warm, dry summers and cold winters of Franken.",
          "focus": null
        },
        {
          "kind": "article",
          "key": "article:dry-summer-wet-winter-cycle",
          "order": 16,
          "slug": "dry-summer-wet-winter-cycle",
          "title": "Dry Summer / Wet Winter Cycle & Disease Pressure",
          "url": "https://www.winewithseth.com/winewiki/dry-summer-wet-winter-cycle/",
          "minutes": 10,
          "why": "Rainfall timing matters too: winter-wet, summer-dry regions concentrate flavor through summer water stress while wet dormant seasons sustain mildew.",
          "focus": null
        },
        {
          "kind": "article",
          "key": "article:rainfall-and-precipitation-timing",
          "order": 17,
          "slug": "rainfall-and-precipitation-timing",
          "title": "Rainfall and Precipitation Timing",
          "url": "https://www.winewithseth.com/winewiki/rainfall-and-precipitation-timing/",
          "minutes": 4,
          "why": "Totals matter alongside timing: Mendoza gets around 200mm of rain a year against 1,600 to 1,800mm in Rías Baixas, and growers answer the gap with irrigation or drainage.",
          "focus": null
        },
        {
          "kind": "article",
          "key": "article:soil-types-visual-guide",
          "order": 18,
          "slug": "soil-types-visual-guide",
          "title": "Soil Types in Wine: A Visual Guide",
          "url": "https://www.winewithseth.com/winewiki/soil-types-visual-guide/",
          "minutes": 11,
          "why": "Then the ground itself: eight soil types and how drainage, water retention and heat storage shape the wine.",
          "focus": null
        },
        {
          "kind": "deeper",
          "key": "deeper:soils",
          "order": 19,
          "slug": "soils",
          "title": "Soils",
          "url": "https://www.winewithseth.com/winewiki/paths/soils/",
          "minutes": 124,
          "why": "Take the soils side path for limestone, volcanic, schist, clay, gravel, sand, granite, marl and alluvial soils and their benchmark regions.",
          "focus": null,
          "stepCount": 16,
          "readingSteps": 16,
          "startUrl": "https://www.winewithseth.com/winewiki/limestone-calcareous-soils/?path=soils"
        },
        {
          "kind": "article",
          "key": "article:vintage-variation",
          "order": 20,
          "slug": "vintage-variation",
          "title": "Vintage Variation",
          "url": "https://www.winewithseth.com/winewiki/vintage-variation/",
          "minutes": 8,
          "why": "Close with the factor that changes every year: how one season's weather shifts quality, style and aging potential from vintage to vintage.",
          "focus": null
        }
      ],
      "children": [
        "soils"
      ],
      "related": [
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        "winemaking",
        "blind-tasting"
      ],
      "articleUrl": "https://www.winewithseth.com/winewiki/paths/terroir/",
      "dataUrl": "https://www.winewithseth.com/winewiki/paths/data/terroir.json",
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      "ogImage": "https://www.winewithseth.com/winewiki/og/paths/terroir.png"
    },
    {
      "slug": "tuscany",
      "title": "Tuscany",
      "tagline": "Sangiovese through Chianti, Brunello and Vino Nobile, then Bolgheri, the Super Tuscans, Maremma, Vernaccia and Vin Santo.",
      "level": "both",
      "parentPath": "italy",
      "group": "countries",
      "groupCrumb": {
        "title": "Countries",
        "url": "https://www.winewithseth.com/winewiki/paths/#countries"
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      "breadcrumb": [
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          "slug": "italy",
          "title": "Italy",
          "url": "https://www.winewithseth.com/winewiki/paths/italy/"
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        {
          "slug": "tuscany",
          "title": "Tuscany",
          "url": "https://www.winewithseth.com/winewiki/paths/tuscany/"
        }
      ],
      "hubSlug": "tuscan-wine-regions",
      "hubUrl": "https://www.winewithseth.com/winewiki/tuscan-wine-regions/",
      "minutes": 123,
      "stepCount": 15,
      "readingSteps": 15,
      "verified": true,
      "verifiedAt": "2026-09-29",
      "verifiedSteps": 15,
      "totalSteps": 15,
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          "kind": "article",
          "key": "article:tuscan-wine-regions",
          "order": 1,
          "slug": "tuscan-wine-regions",
          "title": "Tuscan Wine Regions",
          "url": "https://www.winewithseth.com/winewiki/tuscan-wine-regions/",
          "minutes": 8,
          "why": "Start with Tuscany: 11 DOCG and 41 DOC classifications, with red wines built on Sangiovese.",
          "focus": "The main DOCG zones, then the vintage weather series linked from this page."
        },
        {
          "kind": "article",
          "key": "article:sangiovese",
          "order": 2,
          "slug": "sangiovese",
          "title": "Sangiovese",
          "url": "https://www.winewithseth.com/winewiki/sangiovese/",
          "minutes": 9,
          "why": "Meet Sangiovese, a late-ripening grape with vibrant acidity and firm tannins, the backbone of Chianti Classico, Brunello and Vino Nobile.",
          "focus": null
        },
        {
          "kind": "article",
          "key": "article:chianti-docg",
          "order": 3,
          "slug": "chianti-docg",
          "title": "Chianti DOCG",
          "url": "https://www.winewithseth.com/winewiki/chianti-docg/",
          "minutes": 7,
          "why": "Begin the zones with Chianti DOCG: six provinces, at least 70 percent Sangiovese and seven subzones.",
          "focus": null
        },
        {
          "kind": "article",
          "key": "article:chianti-classico-docg",
          "order": 4,
          "slug": "chianti-classico-docg",
          "title": "Chianti Classico DOCG",
          "url": "https://www.winewithseth.com/winewiki/chianti-classico-docg/",
          "minutes": 8,
          "why": "Then Chianti Classico, its own DOCG since 1996, between Florence and Siena, with at least 80 percent Sangiovese.",
          "focus": "The three tiers, Annata, Riserva and Gran Selezione, and the 11 UGAs."
        },
        {
          "kind": "article",
          "key": "article:brunello-di-montalcino-docg",
          "order": 5,
          "slug": "brunello-di-montalcino-docg",
          "title": "Brunello di Montalcino DOCG",
          "url": "https://www.winewithseth.com/winewiki/brunello-di-montalcino-docg/",
          "minutes": 8,
          "why": "Go south of Siena to Montalcino for Brunello, 100 percent Sangiovese released no earlier than January 1 of the fifth year after harvest.",
          "focus": null
        },
        {
          "kind": "compare",
          "key": "compare:chianti-classico-vs-brunello-di-montalcino",
          "order": 6,
          "slug": "chianti-classico-vs-brunello-di-montalcino",
          "title": "Chianti Classico vs Brunello di Montalcino",
          "url": "https://www.winewithseth.com/winewiki/compare/chianti-classico-vs-brunello-di-montalcino/",
          "minutes": 7,
          "why": "Set Chianti Classico and Brunello side by side: climate, soils, blending rules, aging requirements and style.",
          "focus": null,
          "subjects": [
            {
              "slug": "chianti-classico-docg",
              "title": "Chianti Classico DOCG",
              "url": "https://www.winewithseth.com/winewiki/chianti-classico-docg/"
            },
            {
              "slug": "brunello-di-montalcino-docg",
              "title": "Brunello di Montalcino DOCG",
              "url": "https://www.winewithseth.com/winewiki/brunello-di-montalcino-docg/"
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          ]
        },
        {
          "kind": "article",
          "key": "article:vino-nobile-di-montepulciano-docg",
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          "slug": "vino-nobile-di-montepulciano-docg",
          "title": "Vino Nobile di Montepulciano DOCG",
          "url": "https://www.winewithseth.com/winewiki/vino-nobile-di-montepulciano-docg/",
          "minutes": 8,
          "why": "Next, Vino Nobile di Montepulciano, made mainly from Prugnolo Gentile, the local Sangiovese clone, on the hills around Montepulciano.",
          "focus": null
        },
        {
          "kind": "article",
          "key": "article:bolgheri-doc",
          "order": 8,
          "slug": "bolgheri-doc",
          "title": "Bolgheri DOC: Italy's Super Tuscan Heartland",
          "url": "https://www.winewithseth.com/winewiki/bolgheri-doc/",
          "minutes": 8,
          "why": "Cross to the coast at Bolgheri, where Sassicaia from the 1968 vintage started the Super Tuscan movement.",
          "focus": null
        },
        {
          "kind": "article",
          "key": "article:super-tuscan-tradition",
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          "slug": "super-tuscan-tradition",
          "title": "Super Tuscan Tradition",
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          "minutes": 9,
          "why": "Read the Super Tuscan story: Bordeaux varieties grown outside DOC rules, labeled Vino da Tavola, which pushed Italy to create IGT Toscana in 1992.",
          "focus": null
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        {
          "kind": "article",
          "key": "article:maremma-toscana-doc",
          "order": 10,
          "slug": "maremma-toscana-doc",
          "title": "Maremma Toscana DOC",
          "url": "https://www.winewithseth.com/winewiki/maremma-toscana-doc/",
          "minutes": 8,
          "why": "Then Maremma Toscana DOC, covering the whole province of Grosseto and permitting both native and international varieties.",
          "focus": null
        },
        {
          "kind": "article",
          "key": "article:vernaccia-di-san-gimignano-docg",
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          "title": "Vernaccia di San Gimignano DOCG",
          "url": "https://www.winewithseth.com/winewiki/vernaccia-di-san-gimignano-docg/",
          "minutes": 7,
          "why": "Turn to white wine with Vernaccia di San Gimignano, Tuscany's only white DOCG, known for a bitter almond finish.",
          "focus": null
        },
        {
          "kind": "article",
          "key": "article:vin-santo-del-chianti-classico-tradition",
          "order": 12,
          "slug": "vin-santo-del-chianti-classico-tradition",
          "title": "Vin Santo del Chianti Classico Tradition",
          "url": "https://www.winewithseth.com/winewiki/vin-santo-del-chianti-classico-tradition/",
          "minutes": 9,
          "why": "Close the wines with Vin Santo, a sweet wine from dried grapes aged at least 3 years in small caratelli barrels.",
          "focus": null
        },
        {
          "kind": "article",
          "key": "article:felsina",
          "order": 13,
          "slug": "felsina",
          "title": "Fèlsina",
          "url": "https://www.winewithseth.com/winewiki/felsina/",
          "minutes": 11,
          "why": "Now producers: a family estate in Castelnuovo Berardenga, at the southeastern edge of Chianti Classico, making 100 percent Sangiovese reds.",
          "focus": null
        },
        {
          "kind": "article",
          "key": "article:boscarelli",
          "order": 14,
          "slug": "boscarelli",
          "title": "Poderi Boscarelli",
          "url": "https://www.winewithseth.com/winewiki/boscarelli/",
          "minutes": 8,
          "why": "In Montepulciano, a family estate in Cervognano whose flagship Il Nocio comes from a single vineyard.",
          "focus": null
        },
        {
          "kind": "article",
          "key": "article:fattoria-le-pupille",
          "order": 15,
          "slug": "fattoria-le-pupille",
          "title": "Fattoria Le Pupille",
          "url": "https://www.winewithseth.com/winewiki/fattoria-le-pupille/",
          "minutes": 8,
          "why": "Finish in the Maremma with the estate that launched Saffredi in 1987.",
          "focus": null
        }
      ],
      "children": [],
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    {
      "slug": "veneto",
      "title": "Veneto",
      "tagline": "Valpolicella from Corvina to Amarone and Ripasso, the Garda wines, Soave, then Prosecco and the tank method.",
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      "hubSlug": "veneto-region-wines",
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          "why": "Start with Veneto in northeastern Italy: 14 DOCGs and 29 DOCs, from Amarone to Prosecco and Soave.",
          "focus": "The three broad zones, then the red and white grapes."
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          "why": "Meet Corvina, the thick-skinned grape that makes up 45 to 95 percent of Valpolicella and Amarone blends.",
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        {
          "kind": "article",
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          "minutes": 9,
          "why": "See the process behind Amarone: drying harvested grapes to concentrate sugars and flavor before fermentation.",
          "focus": "How grapes lose 30 to 45 percent of their weight and what that does to the wine."
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        {
          "kind": "article",
          "key": "article:amarone-della-valpolicella-docg",
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          "minutes": 8,
          "why": "Then Amarone, a dry red from dried grapes, at least 14 percent alcohol and aged at least two years.",
          "focus": null
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        {
          "kind": "article",
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          "minutes": 7,
          "why": "Ripasso passes Valpolicella over Amarone pomace, a second fermentation that adds color, tannin and dried-fruit notes.",
          "focus": null
        },
        {
          "kind": "article",
          "key": "article:bardolino-doc",
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          "slug": "bardolino-doc",
          "title": "Bardolino DOC",
          "url": "https://www.winewithseth.com/winewiki/bardolino-doc/",
          "minutes": 9,
          "why": "Move to the eastern shore of Lake Garda for Bardolino: light reds and Chiaretto rosé from Corvina, Rondinella and Molinara.",
          "focus": null
        },
        {
          "kind": "article",
          "key": "article:lugana-doc-shared-with-lombardy",
          "order": 8,
          "slug": "lugana-doc-shared-with-lombardy",
          "title": "Lugana DOC",
          "url": "https://www.winewithseth.com/winewiki/lugana-doc-shared-with-lombardy/",
          "minutes": 7,
          "why": "On the southern shore of Lake Garda, Lugana makes white wines from Turbiana across the Veneto and Lombardy border.",
          "focus": null
        },
        {
          "kind": "article",
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          "slug": "garganega",
          "title": "Garganega",
          "url": "https://www.winewithseth.com/winewiki/garganega/",
          "minutes": 7,
          "why": "Meet Garganega, the white grape behind Soave, with white flower, apricot and almond notes.",
          "focus": null
        },
        {
          "kind": "article",
          "key": "article:soave-doc",
          "order": 10,
          "slug": "soave-doc",
          "title": "Soave DOC",
          "url": "https://www.winewithseth.com/winewiki/soave-doc/",
          "minutes": 9,
          "why": "Then Soave, in the hills east of Verona, at least 70 percent Garganega on volcanic and calcareous soils.",
          "focus": "The tiers: Soave DOC, Soave Classico DOC and Soave Superiore DOCG."
        },
        {
          "kind": "article",
          "key": "article:glera",
          "order": 11,
          "slug": "glera",
          "title": "Glera",
          "url": "https://www.winewithseth.com/winewiki/glera/",
          "minutes": 9,
          "why": "Move to sparkling with Glera, at least 85 percent of every Prosecco and renamed from Prosecco in 2009.",
          "focus": null
        },
        {
          "kind": "article",
          "key": "article:prosecco-doc",
          "order": 12,
          "slug": "prosecco-doc",
          "title": "Prosecco DOC",
          "url": "https://www.winewithseth.com/winewiki/prosecco-doc/",
          "minutes": 10,
          "why": "Prosecco DOC is the broad base, nine provinces across Veneto and Friuli-Venezia Giulia.",
          "focus": "The quality pyramid from the DOC up to the hillside DOCGs."
        },
        {
          "kind": "article",
          "key": "article:conegliano-valdobbiadene-prosecco-superiore-docg",
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          "slug": "conegliano-valdobbiadene-prosecco-superiore-docg",
          "title": "Conegliano Valdobbiadene Prosecco Superiore DOCG",
          "url": "https://www.winewithseth.com/winewiki/conegliano-valdobbiadene-prosecco-superiore-docg/",
          "minutes": 9,
          "why": "Up into the hills for Conegliano Valdobbiadene Prosecco Superiore DOCG: 15 communes, a UNESCO World Heritage Site since 2019.",
          "focus": null
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          "slug": "charmat-method",
          "title": "Charmat Method",
          "url": "https://www.winewithseth.com/winewiki/charmat-method/",
          "minutes": 6,
          "why": "Finish with the tank method behind Prosecco: second fermentation in sealed, pressurized stainless steel tanks.",
          "focus": "Why tank fermentation keeps fresh, aromatic fruit character."
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      ],
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      "slug": "wine-101",
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          "why": "Start here: the five-step method and the vocabulary every later step uses.",
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          "minutes": 5,
          "why": "With the method in hand, use structure rather than color to tell ten red grapes apart.",
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          "title": "The White Grapes",
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          "minutes": 5,
          "why": "The same structural approach applied to six white grapes, including the Chardonnay conversation.",
          "focus": null
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          "kind": "guide",
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          "url": "https://www.winewithseth.com/winewiki/wine-101/terroir/",
          "minutes": 5,
          "why": "Having met the grapes, see why the same grape tastes different in two places.",
          "focus": null
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          "minutes": 5,
          "why": "After place comes the cellar: eight techniques and how to read a back label.",
          "focus": null
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          "title": "The Regions, and Your First Blind Flight",
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          "minutes": 5,
          "why": "Put grapes, place and technique together across sixteen regions, then taste four wines blind.",
          "focus": null
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          "minutes": 8,
          "why": "Go past the tasting sheet into the acids themselves: tartaric and malic as the principal acids of wine, and malolactic fermentation turning sharper malic into softer lactic.",
          "focus": "Where each acid comes from, what malolactic fermentation changes, and why acidity is assessed on the palate."
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        {
          "kind": "article",
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          "order": 8,
          "slug": "tannins",
          "title": "Tannins",
          "url": "https://www.winewithseth.com/winewiki/tannins/",
          "minutes": 7,
          "why": "Pair acidity with the other half of red wine structure: where tannins come from and the drying feel they give in the mouth.",
          "focus": "Skin, seed and stem sources, and the link to aging potential."
        },
        {
          "kind": "article",
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          "slug": "old-world-vs-new-world-wine",
          "title": "Old World vs. New World Wine: Style, Philosophy, and What It Means for Your Glass",
          "url": "https://www.winewithseth.com/winewiki/old-world-vs-new-world-wine/",
          "minutes": 11,
          "why": "Close by setting the chapters against the Old World and New World split: Old World restraint and structure, New World generosity and ripe fruit.",
          "focus": null
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          "minutes": 11,
          "why": "Start with the whole arc: harvesting, crushing, fermenting, then maturing and clarifying the wine before bottling, with red and white splitting at fermentation.",
          "focus": "How red and white winemaking differ at fermentation: red ferments with the skins, white is pressed first."
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          "why": "Start at the vineyard: deciding when to pick means weighing sugar, acid and phenolic ripeness.",
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          "why": "Leave grapes on the vine longer, or let noble rot or frost in, and the wine can end up sweet; take the sweet wine side path here.",
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          "why": "At the winery, sorting removes unripe, damaged or diseased grapes before crushing, either by hand on a sorting table or with an optical sorter.",
          "focus": null
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          "why": "The core reaction: the OIV defines alcoholic fermentation as the transformation of grape sugars into ethanol, carbon dioxide and secondary products.",
          "focus": null
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          "url": "https://www.winewithseth.com/winewiki/arrested-fermentation/",
          "minutes": 4,
          "why": "A winemaker can also stop that reaction on purpose: chilling and filtering the yeast out leaves the grape's own sugar behind, without adding spirit.",
          "focus": null
        },
        {
          "kind": "deeper",
          "key": "deeper:fortified-wine",
          "order": 8,
          "slug": "fortified-wine",
          "title": "Fortified wine",
          "url": "https://www.winewithseth.com/winewiki/paths/fortified-wine/",
          "minutes": 127,
          "why": "Add grape spirit before fermentation finishes and the yeast stops with sugar left behind; the fortified side path starts here.",
          "focus": null,
          "stepCount": 16,
          "readingSteps": 16,
          "startUrl": "https://www.winewithseth.com/winewiki/fortified-wines/?path=fortified-wine"
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          "url": "https://www.winewithseth.com/winewiki/commercial-yeast-inoculation/",
          "minutes": 9,
          "why": "Choosing the yeast: cultured strains give a controlled, predictable fermentation in place of wild yeasts.",
          "focus": null
        },
        {
          "kind": "deeper",
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          "order": 10,
          "slug": "sparkling-wine",
          "title": "Sparkling wine",
          "url": "https://www.winewithseth.com/winewiki/paths/sparkling-wine/",
          "minutes": 149,
          "why": "Take the sparkling side path for the four methods, traditional, tank, transfer and ancestral, and the regions that use them.",
          "focus": null,
          "stepCount": 18,
          "readingSteps": 18,
          "startUrl": "https://www.winewithseth.com/winewiki/sparkling-wine-how-the-bubbles-get-in/?path=sparkling-wine"
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          "url": "https://www.winewithseth.com/winewiki/cold-soak-cold-maceration/",
          "minutes": 6,
          "why": "For reds, a cold soak holds the crushed grapes at a low temperature before fermentation starts, typically at 5 to 10°C according to the AWRI, so color, aroma and flavor compounds are extracted while no alcohol is present.",
          "focus": null
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        {
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          "order": 12,
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          "url": "https://www.winewithseth.com/winewiki/paths/skin-contact/",
          "minutes": 98,
          "why": "White grapes can take skin contact too; the skin contact side path follows orange and amber wine.",
          "focus": null,
          "stepCount": 13,
          "readingSteps": 13,
          "startUrl": "https://www.winewithseth.com/winewiki/skin-contact-white-orange-fermentation/?path=skin-contact"
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          "key": "article:malolactic-fermentation",
          "order": 13,
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          "title": "Malolactic Fermentation",
          "url": "https://www.winewithseth.com/winewiki/malolactic-fermentation/",
          "minutes": 7,
          "why": "After alcoholic fermentation, bacteria convert sharp malic acid into softer lactic acid and raise the pH.",
          "focus": null
        },
        {
          "kind": "compare",
          "key": "compare:malolactic-fermentation-vs-no-malolactic",
          "order": 14,
          "slug": "malolactic-fermentation-vs-no-malolactic",
          "title": "Malolactic Fermentation vs No Malolactic",
          "url": "https://www.winewithseth.com/winewiki/compare/malolactic-fermentation-vs-no-malolactic/",
          "minutes": 7,
          "why": "Compare the two outcomes side by side: round and textured with malolactic, crisp without it.",
          "focus": null,
          "subjects": []
        },
        {
          "kind": "article",
          "key": "article:barrel-fermentation-chardonnay-semillon-whites",
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          "title": "Barrel Fermentation (Chardonnay, Sémillon, Whites)",
          "url": "https://www.winewithseth.com/winewiki/barrel-fermentation-chardonnay-semillon-whites/",
          "minutes": 8,
          "why": "Oak can enter at fermentation: top white Burgundy villages ferment Chardonnay in French oak barrels.",
          "focus": null
        },
        {
          "kind": "article",
          "key": "article:oak-aging",
          "order": 16,
          "slug": "oak-aging",
          "title": "Oak Aging",
          "url": "https://www.winewithseth.com/winewiki/oak-aging/",
          "minutes": 7,
          "why": "Then oak aging, where barrels add wood-derived flavors and expose the wine to gentle oxidation.",
          "focus": null
        },
        {
          "kind": "compare",
          "key": "compare:oak-aged-vs-stainless-steel",
          "order": 17,
          "slug": "oak-aged-vs-stainless-steel",
          "title": "Oak Aged vs Stainless Steel",
          "url": "https://www.winewithseth.com/winewiki/compare/oak-aged-vs-stainless-steel/",
          "minutes": 8,
          "why": "Set oak against stainless steel, an inert vessel that adds no flavour and can be airtight.",
          "focus": null,
          "subjects": []
        },
        {
          "kind": "article",
          "key": "article:sur-lie-aging",
          "order": 18,
          "slug": "sur-lie-aging",
          "title": "Sur Lie Aging",
          "url": "https://www.winewithseth.com/winewiki/sur-lie-aging/",
          "minutes": 9,
          "why": "Leaving wine on its lees, the dead yeast cells left after fermentation, builds texture, as in Muscadet and Champagne.",
          "focus": null
        },
        {
          "kind": "article",
          "key": "article:fining-agents",
          "order": 19,
          "slug": "fining-agents",
          "title": "Fining Agents",
          "url": "https://www.winewithseth.com/winewiki/fining-agents/",
          "minutes": 8,
          "why": "Clarifying: fining agents bind proteins, tannins and other particles so they settle out.",
          "focus": null
        },
        {
          "kind": "article",
          "key": "article:filtration-types",
          "order": 20,
          "slug": "filtration-types",
          "title": "Filtration Types: Coarse, Fine & Sterile/Membrane",
          "url": "https://www.winewithseth.com/winewiki/filtration-types/",
          "minutes": 7,
          "why": "Filtration finishes the job, from coarse depth filters to sterile membranes.",
          "focus": null
        },
        {
          "kind": "article",
          "key": "article:alternative-wine-closures",
          "order": 21,
          "slug": "alternative-wine-closures",
          "title": "Alternative Wine Closures",
          "url": "https://www.winewithseth.com/winewiki/alternative-wine-closures/",
          "minutes": 9,
          "why": "Close at the bottle: screw caps, technical corks, synthetic closures and glass stoppers, and what cork taint and oxygen transmission mean for each.",
          "focus": null
        },
        {
          "kind": "article",
          "key": "article:bottling-and-closures",
          "order": 22,
          "slug": "bottling-and-closures",
          "title": "Bottling and Closures",
          "url": "https://www.winewithseth.com/winewiki/bottling-and-closures/",
          "minutes": 4,
          "why": "Close at the bottling line: the oxygen a wine picks up during bottling has a significant impact on how it develops, before closures make the final decision.",
          "focus": null
        }
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